施用缓/控释尿素对玉米苗期土壤生物学活性的影响

采用盆栽试验，模拟田间生态环境，研究了施用不同种缓/控释氮素底肥对玉米苗期土壤硝酸还原酶、脲酶活性及微生物量碳、氮的影响.结果表明，施用硝化抑制剂(双氰胺)和脲酶抑制剂(n-丁基硫代磷酰三胺)涂层大颗粒尿素肥料的土壤硝酸还原酶活性最高；施用大颗粒尿素，脲酶活性最强，微生物量碳、氮最高.施用醋酸酯淀粉包膜大颗粒尿素、包膜双氰胺涂层大颗粒尿素、丙烯酸树脂包膜双氰胺涂层大颗粒尿素与不施氮肥土壤脲酶活性较高；每种处理微生物量碳与氮变化完全一致.施用醋酸酯淀粉包膜硝化和脲酶抑制剂涂层大颗粒尿素肥料，土壤微生物量碳、氮最低.同种膜材料包膜抑制剂涂层大颗粒尿素制成的缓/控释氮肥，对土壤生物学活性的影响效果好于直接包膜大颗粒尿素；丙烯酸树脂包膜大颗粒尿素制成的缓/控释氮肥，对氮素的控释效果明显好于醋酸酯淀粉包膜.

Soil biological activities at maize seedling stage under application of slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizers

With pot experiment and simulating field ecological environment, this paper studied the effects of different slow/controlled release N fertilizers on the soil nitrate-reductase and urease activities and microbial biomass C and N at maize seedling stage. The results showed that granular urea amended with dicyandiamide (DCD) and N-(n-bultyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) induced the highest soil nitrate-reductase activity, granular urea brought about the highest soil urease activity and microbial biomass C and N, while starch acetate (SA)-coated granular urea, SA-coated granular urea amended with DCD, methyl methacrylate (MMA)-coated granular urea amended with DCD, and no N fertilization gave a higher soil urease activity. Soil microbial C and N had a similar variation trend after applying various kinds of test slow/controlled release N fertilizers, and were the lowest after applying SA-coated granular urea amended with DCD and NBPT. Coated granular urea amended with inhibitors had a stronger effect on soil biological activities than coated granular urea, and MMA-coating had a better effect than SA-coating.