纬度变化对不同冬小麦品种蛋白质组分的影响

选用6个有代表性的冬小麦品种在河南省5个不同纬度试验点（32°—36°N）进行种植，研究纬度变化对冬小麦蛋白质组分含量的影响.结果表明：纬度变化对冬小麦清蛋白、麦谷蛋白含量和谷/醇比值有显著影响，而基因型差异对蛋白质组分的影响不显著.随着纬度的升高，清蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量呈降低趋势，而麦谷蛋白含量、谷/醇比值、蛋白质组分之和及小麦产量呈递增趋势.与其他试验点相比，信阳种植的6个小麦品种的清蛋白含量相对较高，驻马店和许昌的醇溶蛋白含量较高，而武陟和汤阴的麦谷蛋白含量较高.5月份平均气温、总日照时数和降雨量与小麦蛋白质组分地点间变化关系密切.因此，生产上选择适宜的小麦种植区，同时可在5月份采取改善光合作用、延长灌浆时间等栽培措施，以提高小麦籽粒品质.

Effects of latitude on grain' s protein components of winter wheat cultivars

Six representative winter wheat cultivars were planted at five locations with the latitude varied from 32°N to 36°N in Henan Province to study the effects of latitude on their grain’s protein components. The results showed that with increasing latitude, the contents of albumin and gliadin decreased, while glutenin content, glutenin/gliadin ratio, sum of protein components, and grain yield increased. The grain’s albumin content of test cultivars at Xinyang, gliadin content at Zhumadian and Xuchang, and glutenin content and glutenin/gliadin ratio at Wuzhi and Tangyin were higher than those at other locations. The average air temperature, total sunlight hours, and precipitation in May had close relations with the grain’s protein components of test winter wheat cultivars at different locations. In order to improve wheat grain quality, suitable cultivars should be chosen to match the local ecological conditions, and, management practices for improving photosynthesis and extending grain-filling period should be performed in May.