表达生态承载力的生态足迹模型演变

生态足迹是一种表达区域生态承载力的重要指标．其基本模型具有方法简单、综合、可比、结果表达生动等优点，但在预测性、结构性、用户适用性等方面均存在一定的缺陷．为了克服这些缺陷，人们从不同方面对模型进行了补充与完善，推动了生态足迹研究由最初的单一时间尺度静态模型向多样化发展与演变．截止目前，主要生态足迹模型包括：时间序列足迹模型、投入产出法足迹模型、综合评价法足迹模型、土地干扰度足迹模型、生命周期法足迹模型（或组分法足迹模型）．这些模型不同程度地改进了生态足迹作为生态承载力表达指标的性能，但生态足迹核算的准确性和完整性仍有待进一步完善．

Evolvement of ecological footprint model representing ecological carrying capacity

Ecological footprint (EF) is an important index of ecological carrying capacity. The original EF model is excellent in simplicity, aggregation, comparability, and lifelikeness in presenting results, but short in predictability, configuration, and applicability. To overcome these shortcomings, many researches were conducted to modify and promote the EF model, and developed it from static with single time scale to diversified ones, which included: 1) time series EF model, 2) input-output analysis based EF model, 3) integrated assessment incorporated EF model, 4) land disturbance degree based EF model, and 5) life cycle analysis based EF model, or component EF model. The function of EF as a measurement of ecological carrying capacity was significantly improved, but its accuracy and integrality still need to be advanced.