钙肥对B型烟粉虱发育、存活及取食为害的影响

以清水为对照,研究了施用钙肥后一品红植株对B型烟粉虱发育、存活和取食为害的影响.结果表明:在温度(26±1)℃、相对湿度60％～80％条件下,钙肥处理的一品红植株上的B型烟粉虱在发育历期上与对照存在显著差异,卵期明显缩短,各龄若虫期延长,从卵到成虫的发育时间为20.18 d,而对照为18.72 d；但钙肥处理对B型烟粉虱各虫态的存活率无显著影响.B型烟粉虱的取食为害诱导了一品红叶片叶绿素荧光参数的变化,显著降低了叶片的光合作用能力,其中光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学淬灭系数(qp)、光能利用效率(α)、最大光合速率(rETRmax)以及对光的耐受能力(Ik)显著降低,而非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)显著增加.钙肥处理一品红受害叶片的光抑制参数(β)、rETRmax和Ik水平与对照相当.通过指甲油印迹法观察叶片下表皮细胞的形态结构发现,钙肥能有效增强叶片对B型烟粉虱为害损失的补偿.

Effects of calcium fertilizer on the development,survival,and feeding of B-biotype Bemisia tabaci on Euphorbia pulcherrima

This paper studied the development,survival,and feeding of B-biotype Bemisia tabaci on Euphorbia pulcherrima under the conditions of 26±1 ℃ and 60%-80% relative humidity after applying calcium fertilizer,taking applying fresh water as the control.There existed significant differences in the developmental duration of B.tabaci between treatment applying calcium fertilizer and the control.After applying calcium fertilizer,the egg stage of B.tabaci shortened significantly,and the development from egg to adult took 20.18 days(for the control,it took 18.72 days).However,there were no significant differences in the survival rates of B.tabaci at different development stages between the two treatments.The feeding of B.tabaci on E.pulcherrima induced the plant leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters changed,i.e.,the photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),photochemical quenching coefficient(qP),light use efficiency(SymbolaA),maximum photosynthesis rate(rETRmax),and tolerance to light(Ik) decreased significantly,while the non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ) had a significant increase.After applying calcium fertilizer,the plant leaf photoinhibition parameter(β),rETRmax,and Ik had less difference with the control.The nail polish blot observation on the lower epidermis structure of plant leaf showed that calcium fertilizer could effectively compensate the decrease in the photosynthesis of E.pulcherrima damaged by B-biotype B.tabaci.