花生镉污染研究进展

花生既是世界主要的油料作物，又是重要的植物蛋白来源和食品加工原料.随着花生直接食用和食品加工的不断增加，国际上对花生籽粒Cd含量问题越来越关注.我国是世界上重要的花生生产国和出口国.近年来，花生Cd含量偏高已经成为制约我国出口贸易的重要因素.本文从花生籽粒Cd富集能力、花生Cd含量的种内差异、籽粒中Cd的分布规律、影响花生籽粒Cd积累的机制和降低花生籽粒Cd含量技术等方面，对花生Cd污染研究的现状与问题进行了论述.指出在花生Cd污染控制方面有2种策略可以考虑，一是降低花生对土壤Cd的吸收；二是控制Cd向籽粒的迁移富集.为此需要从3个方面加强对花生籽粒Cd积累机制的研究，即花生根系活性特征参数及其与籽粒Cd积累的关系；花生果荚Cd吸收机制及其对籽粒Cd含量的贡献；花生植株体内Cd迁移机制及其与籽粒Cd含量的关系.

Research advances in cadmium pollution of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major oil-bearing crop in the world, and as well, an important resource of plant protein and a main raw material for food processing. With the increasing of its direct human consumption and food processing, the Cd concentration in peanut kernel has aroused great concern in recent years. China is a main country of the production and exportation of peanut, but the Cd enrichment in peanut kernel is the main obstacle for its peanut export trade. In this paper, the research advances in Cd pollution of peanut kernel were reviewed, based on the characteristics and mechanisms of Cd accumulation and distribution in peanut kernel, the intra-specific variation of kernel Cd content, and the measures in controlling kernel Cd content. Two strategies were put forward for controlling Cd pollution of peanut kernel, i.e., to reduce the Cd uptake by main root system of peanut plant, and to control the transference of Cd from root to fruit (kernel). In order to applying the strategies effectively, researches on the mechanisms of Cd accumulation in peanut kernel should be enhanced in three aspects, i.e., root vitality and its relationship with Cd accumulation in kernel, mechanism of fruit Cd absorption and its contribution to kernel Cd content, and mechanism of Cd transference in plants and its effects on kernel Cd content.