控释肥对夏玉米产量及田间氨挥发和氮素利用率的影响

在大田条件下研究了树脂包膜控释肥（CRF）和硫包膜控释肥（SCF）对夏玉米产量、田间氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响.结果表明：控释肥能显著提高玉米产量.在相同施肥量（N、P、K量相同）情况下，全量控释肥CRF(1428 kg·hm^-2)和SCF（1668 kg·hm^-2）分别比全量普通复合肥CCF（1260 kg·hm^-2）增产13.15%和14.15%；控释肥施肥量减少25%（CRF 1071 kg·hm^-2；SCF 1251 kg·hm^-2）时，分别比CCF增产9.69%和10.04%；控释肥施肥量减少50%时（CRF 714 kg·hm^-2；SCF 834 kg·hm^-2），其产量与CCF无显著差异.对夏玉米田间土壤原位氨挥发进行研究表明，控释肥处理氨挥发速率上升缓慢，最大挥发高峰出现时间比普通肥处理晚7 d，土壤氨挥发量在0.78～4.43 kg N·hm^-2，比普通肥处理(9.11 kg N·hm^-2)减少51.34%～91.34%.控释肥的氮肥利用率和农学效率也均显著高于普通肥处理.

Effects of controlled-release fertilizers on summer maize grain yield,field ammonia volatilization,and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency

A field experiment with colophony-coated fertilizer(CRF) and sulfur-coated fertilizer(SCF) showed that under the same application rates of N,P and K,applying CRF and SCF increased the summer maize grain yield by 13.15% and 14.15%,respectively,compared to the application of common compound fertilizer CCF.When the applied amount of CRF and SCF was decreased by 25%,the yield increment was 9.69% and 10.04%,respectively; and when the applied amount of CRF and SCF was decreased by 50%,the yield had less difference with that under CCF application.The field ammonia volatilization rate in treatments CRF and SCF increased slowly,with a peak appeared 7 clays later than that in treatment CCF,and the total amount of ammonia volatilization in treatments CRF and SCF was ranged from 0.78 kg N·hm~(-2) to 4.43 kg N·hm~(-2),with a decrement of 51.34%-91.34% compared to that in treatment CCF.The fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of CRF and SCF were also significantly higher than those of CCF.