黄淮海平原保护性耕作下玉米季土壤动物多样性

调查了黄淮海平原农田保护性耕作下玉米拔节期(7月)和成熟期(9月)土壤动物的丰富度和多样性.结果表明：玉米成熟期土壤动物丰富度和多样性高于拔节期；拔节期土壤动物类群和数量免耕处理高于翻耕处理.土壤动物主要分布在表层(0～10 cm)土壤中，而翻耕处理下层(10～20 cm)土壤中仍有较大分布，导致翻耕与免耕处理下层土壤动物差异显著.免耕处理下，蜱螨目、小蚓类、双翅目和双尾目（特别是蜱螨目）数量高于翻耕处理.在玉米成熟期，秸秆还田效应显著，秸秆量越大土壤动物丰富度越高，其中弹尾目、蜱螨目、鞘翅目和啮虫目的个体数量均显著增加.弹尾目数量在玉米两个生长期均与秸秆还田量高度正相关，表明弹尾目在秸秆分解及其养分循环中起着重要作用.

Diversity of soil fauna in corn fields in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China under effects of conservation tillage

An investigation was made on the abundance and diversity of soil fauna in the corn fields under conventional and conservation tillage in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. The abundance and diversity of soil fauna were higher at corn maturing (September) than at its jointing stage (July), and higher at jointing stage under conservation tillage than under conventional tillage. Soil fauna mainly distributed in surface soil layer (0-10 cm), but still had a larger number in 10-20 cm layer under conservation tillage. The individuals of acari, diptera, diplura, and microdrile oligochaetes, especially those
of acari, were higher under conservation tillage than under conventional tillage. At maturing stage, an obvious effect of straw-returning under conservation tillage was observed, i.e., the more the straw returned, the higher the abundance of soil fauna, among which, the individuals of collembola, acari, coleopteran, and psocoptera, especially those of collembolan, increased significantly. The abundance of collembola at both jointing and maturing stages was significantly positively correlated with the quantity of straw returned, suggesting that collembola played an important role in straw decomposition and nutrient cycling.