种、种的多样性及退化生态系统功能的恢复和维持研究

物种多样性是生态系统的重要特征并维持系统的功能支行，生物种和不同种类构成的群落为人类提供诸如营养物质循环、生物生产力、营养功能等形式的重要生态服务，特种多样性与生态系统抵御逆境和干扰的能力紧密相关，多样性的提高会增加系统的稳定性，与单个种和种类的数量相比，功能群和功能多样性对生态系统功能的影响效应要大得多，且易于被用来测度稳定性和预测群落变化，本文提出并探讨了种对生态系统功能作用的几种形式，理解物种多样性与生态系统的功能关系能指导退化生态系统恢复和维持其功能的实践活动，尤其为恢复的初始阶段进行群落的“种类组装”提供生态理论基础。

Species and species diversity in relation with restoration and persistence of degraded ecosystem functions

Species diversity is an important character of an ecosystem, and keeps it to function. Species diversity and their communities provide human with essential ecosystem services, including nutrient cycling, biological productivity, trophic function, etc. Species diversity is tightly related with the ecosystem's ability to withstand stress and disturbance. Increasing biodiversity could enhance system stability. Compared to individual species and species number, functional group and functional diversity impose larger impact on system functioning, and are good approaches used to measure stability and to predict community change. Several forms with which the species act on ecosystem functioning were proposed and discussed in this paper. Understanding the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem function could guide the practice of restoring degraded ecosystem and maintaining its functions. Particularly, it provides basic ecological theories for "species assemblage" at initial stage of restoration.