水利工程对河流生态系统服务功能的影响评价方法初探

通过分析水利工程对河流生态系统服务功能的影响，建立了评价指标体系和定量化的评价方法．评价指标体系包括建立评价指标的原则、对河流生态系统服务功能的分类和指标确定等．本文将河流生态系统的服务功能分为四类即供水及与供水量相关的航运和水电功能、生态支持功能、调节控制功能和文化美学功能．依据不同的功能类型，应用以前的研究成果，针对水利工程产生的生态效应如生物多样性的变化和河流净化功能的变化，确定了不同的调度指标，并建立了相应的数量化评价方法，主要包括指效法和BOD-DO模型方法，这些方法特有助于对水利工程的生态环境效应进行深入的分析与评价。

Approaches to evaluate the effects of hydraulic engineering on river ecosystem services

To evaluate the effects of hydraulic engineering on river ecosystem services,a set of indictor system and quantitative methods, which included the appraisal principles, classification of river services and indictor selection were established.The river ecosystem services could be classified into four types:water supply and related services (e.g.,transportation and hydroelectric generation),ecological supporting functions, regulation and control, and aesthetic and cultural services. Based on relative studies, the quantitative approaches were established to measure the indices reflecting the ecological effects of hydraulic engineering involving the change of biodiversity and purification services. The methods mainly contained exponent methods and BOD DO model. These approaches will be helpful for further analysis and assessment on the effects of hydraulic engineering impact on river ecosystem services.