东北春大豆样本的代表性及其SSR位点的遗传多样性分析

从3 226份东北春大豆总体中选择283份春大豆种质，用质量性状和数量性状进行检测，对总体的代表性为80%.利用筛选出61对SSR核心引物对具代表性的东北春大豆样本进行分析，共检测到534个等位变异，平均每个位点的等位变异为8.75个，变幅为2～16个；遗传多样性指数变化范围在0.406～0.886，平均为0.704；东北春大豆样本在大多数位点上有优势等位变异，从而降低了其遗传多样性.其中35份种质具有特异等位变异，分布在29个位点上；各个位点上分化系数均较小，遗传多样性分化程度较低.东北春大豆中3个省种质的共有等位变异较多，以吉林省和辽宁省种质的遗传多样性表现较为一致，均高于黑龙江省种质的遗传多样性.地方品种的遗传多样性高于育成品种.东北春大豆种质资源的遗传多样性分布特点为有目的选择杂交亲本拓宽遗传基础以培育新品种提供了理论依据.

Representativeness of Northeast China spring soybeans and their genetic diversity at SSR loci

A total of 283 accessions were selected from the total 3 226 Northeast China spring soybeans,which represented >80% of the whole based on their qualitative and quantitative traits.The representative samples were analyzed by 61 SSR loci,and a total of 534 alleles were detected,ranging 216 alleles per locus,with an average of 8.75 alleles per locus.Among the accessions,the Simpson diversity index (SDI) for each locus ranged from 0.406 to 0.886,with a mean of 0.704,which was relatively lower since there were dominant alleles at most of loci in the representative samples.35 accessions had specific alleles,which distributed among 29 loci.The differentiation coefficient was lower than 9.27% in 61 loci among the three provinces of Northeast China,which might be caused by lots of common alleles shared among these provinces.The genetic diversity in Jilin and Liaoning provinces was nearly equal,but was higher than that in Heilongjiang Province.The landraces of the representative samples at 61 loci had a higher genetic diversity than that of the released cultivars.The genetic diversity appeared within and between the provinces could be used to broaden the genetic base of modern cultivars,and also,the landraces were the major source for soybean breeding because of their high genetic diversity.