生态卫生适应性优化技术及其复合生态效益

针对我国中西部城市的生态特征，组合了具有不同适应性的生态卫生技术，提出了5种优化技术方案，评价了各技术组合的环境影响、资源回收潜力、经济投入与收益、管理难度和公众接受程度，并分析了技术体系改进后可能产生的复合生态效益.结果表明：原位式生态卫生组合技术的节水和生物质循环能力较优，且综合费用相对低廉，但在城市管理与公众接受度上有一定的不足；集中式生态卫生组合技术易于管理且更易被公众接受，但费用高昂，资源化潜力偏弱.采用生态卫生组合技术改进现有卫生系统后，温室气体排放（以CO₂计）将减少70%以上，水环境污染（以BOD₅计）将减少约30%，营养物回收（以N、P、K加和计）将提高15倍以上；可以缓解中西部城市近3%的生活能源、10%的生活用水压力和15%的成品粮需求；计入资源化效益后经济投入可节省56%.

Adaptive optimized technologies for ecological sanitation and their complex ecological benefits.

Aiming at the ecological characters of the cities in central and west China,several ecological sanitary(ecosan) technologies with different adaptability were integrated,and five adaptive optimized technologies were established.The environmental effects,resources recyclable potential,economic benefits,management difficulties,and public acceptance of each of the technologies were studied,with the possible complex eco-benefits of the technical improvement assessed.The results showed that decentralized ecosan technologies had the advantages of conserving water,recycling nutrients and saving cost,but also had the problems in management and public acceptance.Centralized ecosan technologies had the advantages in management and public acceptance,but were short in high cost and low recycling potential.If the sanitary system was improved through applying ecosan technologies,the greenhouse gases emission(CO2 equivalent) and water pollution(calculated as BOD5) could be reduced by 70% and 30%,respectively,while recycled nutrients(the sum of N,P,K) could be increased by 15 times.The optimized system could supply 3% of domestic energy,10% of domestic water,and 15% of food demand,and the total cost could be reduced by 56% when the resource-recycling benefits were taken into account.