黄土高原土壤紧实度对蚕豆生长的影响

通过盆栽试验、连续 2年的田间小区试验和农户生产试验 ,研究了土壤紧实状况对蚕豆 (Viciafa ba)生长的影响 ,讨论了当地土壤容重较高的原因 ,并提出了改进措施 .结果表明 ,随着 0～ 7cm土层土壤容重的增加 ,蚕豆植株每株的茎与根干重降低 ,根腐病 (Fusariumspp .)引起的死亡率增加 ,种子产量减少 .田间试验条件下 ,与生长于容重为 1.5 5和 1.6 4 g·cm-3 小区内的植株相比 ,生长于容重 1.84 g·cm-3 小区内的植株每株茎与根干重可分别减少 2 7.9%和 30 .8% ,植株累计死亡率增加 2 1.0 %～ 4 8.7% ,种子产量每公顷减少 19.8% .在 8户蚕豆田中进行的多点生产试验表明 ,春季土壤容重与蚕豆幼苗的根与茎干重、秋季土壤容重与种子产量均呈显著负相关

Effect of soil compaction on Vicia faba of growth in the Loess Plateau

The effect of soil compaction on the growth of Vicia faba was studied by pot experiment, field plot experiment, and farmers' field production during two consecutive years. The results showed that increasing soil bulk density at 0-7 cm depth significantly decreased the root and shoot dry weight per plant, increased plant mortality caused by Fusarium species, and decreased seed yields. Field experiments indicated that compared to the plants grown on the plots with soil bulk density of 1.55 and 1.64 g.cm-3, the root and shoot dry weight of plants grown on the plots with soil bulk density of 1.84 g.cm-3 decreased by 30.8% and 27.9%, respectively, while the plant mortality rate increased by 21.0-48.7%, and seed yields decreased by 19.8%. The trials conducted on eight farmers' land illustrated that there existed significant negative correlations between soil bulk density in Spring and root and shoot dry weight of Vicia faba seedlings, and between soil bulk density in Autumn and seed yields. The causes of high soil compaction were discussed, and suggestions for improving soil quality were presented.