生态系统完整性内涵及评价方法研究综述

生态系统完整性是资源管理和环境保护中一个重要的概念.它主要反映生态系统在外来干扰下维持自然状态、稳定性和自组织能力的程度.评价生态系统完整性对于保护敏感自然生态系统免受人类干扰的影响有着重要的意义.耗散结构理论表明,外界压力和反映系统自组织能力的生物、物理、化学完整性和生态系统功能等对生态系统的完整性有良好的指示作用.本文综述了水生生态系统和陆地生态系统完整性及其所承受的压力评价指标,并探讨了优先评价指标的筛选及综合评价方法,最后根据存在的一些问题提出今后的研究展望.

Connotation of ecological integrity and its assessment methods: A review

Ecological integrity is the capability to support and maintain a balanced, integrative and adaptive biologic system, having the full range of elements and processes expected in the natural habitats of a region. Assessment of ecological integrity has great significance for preventing sensitive nature habitats from human disturbance. The theory of dissipative structures suggests that the stressors from human activities, as well as the biological, physical and chemical integrity and ecosystem function that reflect the ability of self-organizing, can well indicate the integrity of an ecosystem. This paper summarized the experiential indicators for assessing the integrity of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and the stressors from human disturbance, and discussed the methods for selecting priority indicators and comprehensive assessment in actual assessment programs. The prospects of further study were discussed, according to some issues existed in published researches.