碳中和视角下秸秆处置方式对碳源汇的贡献

探明农作物秸秆在不同处置方式下的碳源汇时空变化特征,对优化我国秸秆资源利用政策、实现碳减排最大化、实现碳中和目标具有重要意义。本研究以国家统计年鉴数据为基础,对我国31个省农作物秸秆不同处置下的碳排放、碳减排、碳增汇及其价值量的变化趋势进行研究。结果表明: 2008—2019年间,我国秸秆焚烧年均碳排放量为874万t CO₂e,2014年以来碳排放年均减少率为17.3%;能源化利用年均碳减排量为3982万t CO₂e,其中,秸秆生产固体成型燃料碳减排贡献最大,约占能源化碳减排总量的98%;秸秆还田碳汇量总体呈逐年上升趋势,年均碳汇量为2.71亿t CO₂e;我国秸秆处置存在碳生态盈余,净碳减排量年均增长率为9.8%,净碳减排强度及其价值量均呈增长趋势,2019年分别高达2.62 t·hm^-2和76.19元·hm^-2。我国秸秆年均碳排放、能源碳减排、秸秆还田碳汇以及净碳减排大致呈“东高西低”的空间分布规律,且地区差异及空间聚集性是三者的最主要外部特征。

Contribution of straw disposal to carbon source and sink under the framework of carbon neutrality

Exploring the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of carbon source and carbon sink under different disposal methods of crop straw is of great significance for optimizing the utilization policy of crop straw resources in China and realizing the goal of maximizing carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization. Based on data from National Statistical Yearbook, we examined the changing trends of both the amount and value of carbon emission, carbon emission reduction, carbon sink enhancement under different crop straw disposal methods in 31 provinces of Chinese mainland. The results showed that the mean annual carbon emissions of straw burning in China from 2008 to 2019 were 8.74 million tons of CO₂e. Since 2014, the mean annual reduction rate of carbon emissions was 17.3%. The mean annual carbon emission reduction of energy utilization was 39.82 million tons of CO₂e, with solid briquette fuel produced by straw contributing the most with a contribution of about 98%. The amount of carbon sequestration of straw returning to field was increasing annually, with an average annual value of 271 million tons of CO₂e. There was a carbon ecological surplus in straw disposal in China. The annual growth rate of net carbon emission reduction was 9.8%. The net carbon emission reduction intensity and its value were increasing, reaching 2.62 t·hm^-2 and 76.19 yuan·hm^-2 in 2019, respectively. A spatial pattern of ‘high in the east and low in the west' was observed for the mean annual carbon emissions of straw, energy carbon emission reduction, carbon sink of straw returning to the field, and net carbon emission reduction in China, with main external characteristics of the regional differences and spatial aggregation.