黏土矿物对全氟辛酸在饱和多孔介质中运移行为的影响

本研究以蒙脱石(M)和高岭土(K)为代表性黏土矿物,探究了饱和条件下黏土矿物对全氟辛酸(PFOA)运移行为的影响。结果表明: 较低量的M或K添加增强了石英砂中PFOA的运移阻滞,较高量添加则减弱其阻滞。随黏土矿物添加量的增加(0～50%,重量比),添加M的PFOA阻滞系数由1.03±0.00增至1.31±0.03后降至0.72±0.06;添加K的PFOA阻滞系数增至1.30±0.02后降至0.49±0.11。示踪试验结果显示,较低量的M或K添加未形成优先流,而较高量的M或K添加产生了明显的优先流,该条件下PFOA阻滞减弱。此外,受M或K改性石英砂电负性强及柱试验固液比等限制,试验条件下M或K改性石英砂对PFOA吸附量较低,几乎未影响PFOA滞留,但黏土矿物对PFOA的吸附和脱附作用仍可能是较低量的M或K添加增强PFOA运移阻滞的原因。本研究结果对准确评估土壤-地下水系统中PFOA的迁移过程和生态环境风险具有重要意义。

Effects of clay minerals on the transport of perfluorooctanoic acid in saturated porous media

We examined the effects of representative clay minerals, montmorillonite (M) and kaolin (K), on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) transport under saturated conditions. Results showed that low amounts of M or K addition increased and high addition amounts reduced PFOA retardation in quartz sand during the transport. With increasing addition of clay minerals (0-50%, weight ratio), the retardation factor of the M-added system increased from 1.03±0.00 to 1.31±0.03 and then decreased to 0.72±0.06, while that of the K-added system increased to 1.30±0.02 and then decreased to 0.49±0.11. Results of the tracer experiment showed that low amount of M or K addition did not produce preferential flow, while high amount addition induced obvious preferential flow, which resulted in the decrease in PFOA retardation. In addition, due to limitations of the highly negative-charged surface of the M or K modified sand and the solid-liquid ratio of column experiment, the modified M or K sand had low adsorption capacity of PFOA and thus almost did not affect PFOA retention. However, the adsorption and desorption of PFOA by clay minerals might still be responsible for the increases in PFOA retardation with low amount of M or K addition. The results are of great significance for accurately assessing the transport process and eco-environmental risks of PFOA in soil-groundwater systems.