土壤跳虫对氮磷养分响应的研究进展

土壤跳虫是土壤分解者中最重要的类群之一,它们通过营养联系将基础食物资源中的物质和能量传递到更高营养级,在地下食物网中具有不可替代的作用。在全球氮磷沉降日趋严重的背景下,土壤跳虫群落如何响应氮(N)、磷(P)沉降的研究还十分有限,严重阻碍了我们对跳虫群落的生态功能、在地下食物网的物质循环和能量流动以及陆地碳(C)循环中作用的科学认识。跳虫功能群的分类标准不一导致相关研究结果可比性差。本文整理了跳虫功能群的3种分类方法,归纳了4种研究跳虫营养关系的方法,总结了N、P养分添加下土壤跳虫的响应机制。总体上,跳虫对N添加的响应多表现为负效应即种群密度降低,而对P添加的响应则多表现为正效应,N、P混施下,跳虫群落的变化更为复杂。未来土壤跳虫对N、P添加响应的研究应聚焦在跳虫功能群的科学划分、跳虫营养结构研究方法的完善和N、P交互对跳虫群落的作用机制上。

Response of soil Collembola to nitrogen and phosphorus deposition: A review

Collembola are among the most abundant and integral group in soil decomposers. They channel C and nutrients from basic food resources to higher trophic levels, and therefore play an irreplaceable role in the underground food web. Collembola community would be altered dramatically by increasing N and P deposition. However, we still know little about how Collembola respond to N and P inputs, which will largely retard our steps to understand the ecological functions of collembolans, material circulation and energy flow of the underground food web, and even C cycling in terrestrial ecosystem. The different classification rules for Collembola functional groups have led to poor comparability of research results in the literature. This review proposed three taxonomic criteria of Collembola and four common research means on trophic relationships, summarized the mechanisms underlying the responses of Collembola to N and P addition alone and coadded. Overall, Collembola generally shows a negative response to N addition namely community density decreases, while a positive response to P addition in most ecosystems. The situation was more complicated under the combined N and P application. In the future, the research of Collembola response to N and P deposition should focus on the scientific taxa of Collembola functional groups, improving the research methods of trophic structure of Collembola, and the mechanism underlying the impacts of N and P interaction on Collembola community.