丛枝菌根真菌对大气CO2浓度升高和增温响应研究进展

全球变化深刻影响着陆地生态系统生物多样性及生态功能。丛枝菌根(AM)真菌可与绝大多数陆生植物根系形成互惠共生体,在协助宿主养分吸收、促进植物生长、维持植物多样性等方面发挥着重要作用。本文主要分析了大气CO₂浓度升高(eCO₂)和增温对森林和草地生态系统AM真菌群落组成及其功能的影响。eCO₂主要通过影响宿主植物、土壤碳(C)输入等方式间接影响AM真菌,可增加AM真菌的多度和活性,影响AM真菌的多样性与群落组成。增温可直接或间接地(通过宿主植物和土壤途径)影响AM真菌,显著改变森林土壤AM真菌的群落组成,但对草地土壤AM真菌群落组成的影响尚无定论。我们提出了当前研究中存在的主要问题及未来应重点关注的内容。本文旨在明晰AM真菌对eCO₂和增温的响应和适应,增进对AM真菌介导的土壤生态功能的认识,为利用AM真菌缓解全球变化、增强土壤功能的韧性和全球变化的生态系统适应性提供依据。

Responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and warming: A review

Global changes have profound impacts on biodiversity and ecological functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can form symbiotic associations with most terrestrial plant species and play an important role in nutrient acquisition of host plants, promotion of plant growth, and maintenance of plant diversity. In this review, we primarily focused on the responses and feedbacks of AM fungal community and functioning to elevated atmospheric CO₂(eCO₂) and warming in forest and grassland ecosystems. eCO₂ influenced AM fungi mainly through indirectly impacting host plants and soil carbon inputs. A majority of previous studies reported that eCO₂ could enhance the abundance and activity of AM fungi, and influence their diversity and community composition. Warming could have direct and indirect (via plant and/or soil pathways) impacts on AM fungi. Warming significantly altered the community compositions of AM fungi in forest soils. But the results from grassland were not consistent. We identified some outstanding problems in current studies and proposed future research topics which deserve more attentions. Our aim was to elucidate the AM fungal responses and adaptation to eCO₂ and warming and to improve our understanding of AM fungal functioning in soil ecological processes. This review could provide insights into the implications of AM fungi to mitigate global change and improve the resilience of soil functions, as well as climate change adaptation of ecosystems.