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河岸带生态系统退化机制及其恢复研究进展
引用本文:黄凯,郭怀成,刘永,郁亚娟,周丰.河岸带生态系统退化机制及其恢复研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(6):1373-1382.
作者姓名:黄凯  郭怀成  刘永  郁亚娟  周丰
作者单位:北京大学环境学院,北京,100871
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)
摘    要:恢复和重建自然和人为干扰导致的退化河岸带生态系统是目前恢复生态学、流域生态学等学科研究的重要内容之一.对河岸带生态系统的干扰表现在河流水文特征改变、河岸带直接干扰和流域尺度干扰3个方面,分别具有不同的影响机制.河流水文特征改变通过改变河岸土壤湿度、氧化还原电位、生物生存环境以及沉积物传输规律对河岸带生态系统产生影响;河岸带直接干扰通过人类活动及外来物种入侵而直接影响河岸带植被多样性;流域尺度干扰则主要表现在河道刷深、河道淤积、河岸带地下水位降低和河流冲刷过程改变等.河岸带生态恢复评价对象包括河岸带生态系统各要素,评价指标已从单一的生态指标转向综合性指标.河岸带生态恢复应在景观或者流域尺度上进行考虑,识别对其影响的生物和物理过程以及导致其退化的干扰因子,通过植被重建与水文调控来进行.扩展研究尺度和研究对象及采用多学科的研究方法将是今后相关研究中的重要问题.

关 键 词:河岸带生态系统  退化机制  生态恢复  河岸带植被
文章编号:1001-9332(2007)06-1373-10
修稿时间:2006-05-172007-03-20

Research progress on the degradation mechanisms and restoration of riparian ecosystem
HUANG Kai,GUO Huai-cheng,LIU Yong,YU Ya-juan,ZHOU Feng.Research progress on the degradation mechanisms and restoration of riparian ecosystem[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(6):1373-1382.
Authors:HUANG Kai  GUO Huai-cheng  LIU Yong  YU Ya-juan  ZHOU Feng
Institution:College of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Abstract:Restoration and reconstruction of degraded riparian ecosystem caused by natural and anthropogenic disturbances is one of the important issues in restoration ecology and watershed ecology. The disturbances on riparian ecosystem include flow regime alteration, direct modification and watershed disturbance, which have different affecting mechanisms. Flow regime alteration affects riparian ecosystem by changing riparian soil humidity, oxidation-reduction potential, biotaliving environment, and sediment transfer; direct modification affects riparian vegetation diversity through human activities and exotic plants invasion; and watershed disturbance mainly manifests in the channel degradation, aggradation or widening, the lowering of groundwater table, and the modification in fluvial process. The assessment objects of riparian restoration are riparian ecosystem components, and the assessment indicators are shifted from ecological to synthetic indices. Riparian restoration should be based on the detailed understanding of the biological and physical processes which affect riparian ecosystem, and implemented by vegetation restoration and hydrological adjustment at watershed or landscape scale. To extend the research scales and objects and to apply interdisciplinary approaches should be the key points in the further studies on the degradation mechanisms and restoration of riparian ecosystem.
Keywords:riparian  ecosystem  degradation mechanism  ecological restoration  riparian vegetation
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