| 亚高山草甸华灰早熟禾对气候变化的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 姚玉璧,张秀云,王润元,安华银.亚高山草甸华灰早熟禾对气候变化的响应[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(2):285-292. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姚玉璧 张秀云 王润元 安华银 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室， 兰州 730020;2.中国气象局成都高原气象研究所， 成都 610071;3.定西市气象局， 甘肃定西 743000;4.甘南州气象局， 甘肃合作 747000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家气象行业科研专项基金，中国气象局成都高原气象研究所高原气象开放基金，科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项基金，干旱气象科学研究基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用亚高山草甸华灰早熟禾生长发育的定位观测资料和相应的气象观测资料，分析了1985—2005年甘肃省玛曲县气候变化对牧草生长发育的影响.结果表明，研究期间，玛曲县降水量的年际变化呈下降趋势，其线性拟合倾向率为-9.895 mm·(10 a)-1，降水量存在3 a的周期变化;气温的年际变化呈上升趋势,其线性拟合倾向率为0.341 ℃·(10 a) -1;华灰早熟禾生长季的干燥指数呈显著上升趋势，其线性拟合倾向率为0.036·(10 a)-1，20世纪90年代初至2005年明显趋于干旱化.华灰早熟禾返青到籽实成熟约需140～150 d，期间对≥0 ℃积温、降水量、日照时数的要求分别为1000 ℃～1200 ℃、400～450 mm和1000～1100 h;华灰早熟禾在返青后54 d开始由缓慢生长转为迅速生长阶段，返青后第80天的生长速度达最大，返青后104 d开始由迅速生长又转为缓慢生长.受气候变暖的影响，华灰早熟禾抽穗期、开花期、成熟期、黄枯期每10年分别提前15 d、7～8 d、8～9 d、3 d.研究区的气候变化使该区华灰早熟禾产量变幅明显加大，产量的不稳定性增加.
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| 关 键 词： | 西花蓟马 吡虫啉 辛硫磷 甲维盐 抗性选育 抗性风险 抗性稳定性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008-7-7 |
Responses of subalpine meadow Poa botryoides to climate change. |
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| YAO Yu-bi,ZHANG Xiu-yun,WANG Run-yuan,AN Hua-yin.Responses of subalpine meadow Poa botryoides to climate change.[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(2):285-292. |
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| Authors: | YAO Yu-bi ZHANG Xiu-yun WANG Run-yuan AN Hua-yin |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province and China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China;2.Chengdu Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu 610071, China;3.Dingxi Meteorological Bureau, Dingxi 743000, Gansu, China;4.Gannan Meteorological Bureau, Hezuo 747000, Gansu, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the field plot observation and related meteorological data, the effects of climate change in 1985〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗2005 on the growth and development o f subalpine meadow Poa botryoides in Maqu County of Gansu Province were analyzed . The results showed that during study period, the annual precipitation in the Maqu County had a decreasing tr〖JP2〗end, with a rate of -9895 mm·(10 a)-1 and a cyc le of 3 years, while the annual air temperature had an increasing trend, with a rate of 0341 ℃·(10 a)-1. The aridity index of P. botryoides in grow th season had an obvious increasing trend, with a rate of 0036 ·(10 a)-1 , and the tendency was more markedly from the beginning of the 1990s to 2005. The pe riod from reviving to ripeness of P. botryoides was 140〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗150 d, and the requirements of accumulated temperature above 0 ℃, precipitation, a nd sunshine duration in this period were 1000 ℃〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗1200 ℃, 400〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗450 mm, and 1000〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗1100 h, respectively . The growth rate of P. botryoides turned to higher at 54 d after reviving, reached the highest at 80 d after reviving, and became lower at 104 d after revi ving. Under the effects of climate warming, the phenophase of P. botryoides was advanced by 15 d·(10 a)-1 at heading stage, 7〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗8 d·(1 0 a)-1 at flowering stage, 8〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗9 d·(10 a)-1 at ripenes s stage, and 3 d·(10 a)-1 at withering stage. Climate change made the P. botryoides yield in study area have greater variation and higher unsteadiness. |
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| Keywords: | Frankliniella occidentalis imidacloprid phoxim emamectin benzoate resistance selection resistance risk resistance stability |
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