安徽短萼黄连种群特性及其濒危机制探讨

对安徽省境内短萼黄连的地理分布、分布地自然概况及种群大小、分布格局、年龄结构等种群特性进行研究.结果表明,短萼黄连在安徽省主要分布于九华山、黄山、清凉峰和牯牛降等山区.其生境涉及林冠下和水沟边两种类型,均表现为阴湿、土壤疏松、呈酸性而富含有机质,要求光照荫蔽度平均达到70%以上,空气相对湿度70%～90%,土壤含水量在30%以上.现有短萼黄连种群均为高群集分布,年龄结构不合理,且多为小种群,表明种群已处于相对不稳定阶段.自然生境的严重破坏、成年植株的过度采挖对短萼黄连种群的生存构成严重威胁,是造成部分野生种群个体数量急剧减少的主要原因.

Population characteristics of Coptis chinensis var.brevisepala in Anhui Province and its endangering mechanism

The study on the distribution pattern,population size,and age structure of C.chinensis var.brevisepala in Anhui Province showed that C.chinensis var.brevisepala mainly distributed in the southern mountain areas such as Mts.Jiuhuashan,Guniujiang,Huangshan and Qingliang Peak.The habitats had two kinds,i.e.,under woods and beside water ditches,both of which were shady and humid,with loose and acidic soils containing abundant organic matter.The shading degree surpassed 70%,air humidity reached 70%～90%,and soil water content was more than 30%.The distribution pattern of existing C.chinensis var.brevisepala populations was clustering,with illogical age structure and small population size.It was suggested that the populations of C.chinensis var.brevisepala in Anhui Province were in an unsteady stage.Serious destroy of natural habitat and excessive digging and gathering adult individuals were the main causes of the rapid decrease of the individuals in some populations,which threatened the existence of C.chinensis var.brevisepala populations seriously.