咸水非充分灌溉对土壤水盐分布及玉米产量的影响

通过不同矿化度的咸水灌溉春玉米试验,研究了石羊河流域中游咸水充分灌溉和非充分灌溉对土壤水盐分布及玉米产量的影响. 结果表明: 土壤含水量峰值均出现在灌溉期, 充分灌溉变化幅度高于非充分灌溉;土壤含盐量随灌水矿化度的增大而增大, 相同灌水矿化度下,非充分灌溉处理的土壤含盐量均较充分灌溉处理低; 非充分灌溉处理土壤盐分累积层较充分灌溉处理上移; 80～100 cm土壤含水量和含盐量保持稳定,不受灌溉水量和水质的影响.与淡水充分灌溉相比,咸水灌溉下玉米产量降低约15%～22%;9 g·L^-1、6 g·L^-1、3 g·L^-1咸水非充分灌溉下玉米收获后1 m土层平均土壤含盐量分别比充分灌溉降低8.1%、12.4%和18.4%,而产量仅分别降低3.4%、6.8%和3.0%.

Effects of non-sufficient irrigation with saline water on soil water-salt distribution and spring corn yield.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of sufficient and non-sufficient irrigation with saline water on the soil water-salt distribution and spring corn yield in the middle reach of Shiyanghe River Basin. The results showed that under both sufficient and non-sufficient irrigation, the peak value of soil water content all appeared during irrigation period, and the variation range of the water content was higher under sufficient than under non-sufficient irrigation. Soil salinity was positively correlated with the salinity of irrigation water. At the same salinity of irrigation water, the soil salinity under non-sufficient irrigation was lower than that under sufficient irrigation. Under non-sufficient irrigation, the soil layer with salt accumulation was moved up, but the water and salt contents in 80-100 cm soil layer were less affected by the amount and salinity of irrigation water. Comparing with that under fresh water irrigation, the spring corn yield under saline water irrigation was decreased by 15%-22%. Under non-sufficient irrigation with 9 g·L^-1, 6 g·L^-1, and 3 g·L^-1 of saline water, the average salt content in 1 m soil layer after harvest was decreased by 8.1%, 12.4%, and 18.4%, and the corn yield was only decreased by 3.4%, 6.8%, and 3.0%, respectively, compared with those under sufficient irrigation.