开放式空气C02浓度增高对水稻冠层能量平衡的影响

大气CO2浓度升高对植物冠层能量平衡的影响是导致植物生长发育和水分利用率发生变化的环境物理原因．利用位于江苏省无锡市安镇的农田自由开放式空气CO2浓度增高(FACE)系统平台，进行水稻冠层微气候和土壤热通量的连续观测，并结合能量平衡分析，研究了FACE对水稻冠层能量平衡的影响．结果表明，水稻冠层显热和潜热通量FACE与对照的差异日最大值出现在14：00左右，与空气相对湿度日最低值出现时间一致；潜热通量FACE与对照的差异日最大值变化在—15-—65J·m^-2·s^-1之间，显热通量FACE与对照的差异最低值变化在12—55J·m^-2·s^-1之间；显热和潜热通量FACE与对照的差异日最大值随冠层上方辐射平衡增加而增大．水稻冠层白天总显热通量FACE均高于对照，而总潜热通量FACE均低于对照．白天总显热和潜热通量FACE与对照的差异在同一生育期内随冠层上方净辐射增强而增大，在不同生育期随生育期推进而减少．开花期至蜡熟期，水稻冠层白天总潜热通量FACE比对照平均低6．7％．FACE使水稻冠层白天总显热通量及其占冠层上方辐射平衡的比例减少，而使总潜热通量及其占冠层上方辐射平衡的比例增大，但对土壤热通量及夜间显热和潜热通量的影响不大．开花期至蜡熟期水稻冠层白天总显热、潜热通量占冠层上方净辐射总量的比例FACE与对照之差平均为5．5％．

Effects of free air CO2 enrichment on rice canopy energy balance

The change of crop canopy energy balance will affect crop growth and development and its water use efficiency. In this study, the FACE system (setup at at Anzhen, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 2001) was used to investigate the effects of FACE on rice canopy energy balance. The rice canopy microclimate observations were carried out from August 26 to October 13, 2001 when the rice crops were at the heading to maturing stage. The results showed that the maximum difference of rice canopy sensible and latent heat fluxes between ambient and FACE occurred at the same time of minimum air humidity, i.e., at about 14:00. From flowering to maturing stage, the maximum difference of rice canopy sensible and latent heat flux between FACE and ambient varied between 12-55 J.m-2.s-1 and -15(-)-65 J.m-2.s-1, respectively. The daytime total canopy sensible and latent heat fluxes of FACE were higher and lower than those of ambient, respectively, throughout flowering to maturing stage. The differences of daytime total canopy sensible and latent heat fluxes between ambient and FACE increased with the increase of net radiation above canopy during the same development stage, but decreased with the progress of the development stage. From flowering to maturing stage, the average difference of daytime total canopy latent heat flux between ambient and FACE was about 6.7%. FACE increased and decreased the ratio of daytime total canopy sensible and latent heat flux to daytime total net radiation above canopy, respectively, the ratio differences between FACE and ambient were 5.5%.