采伐剩余物的处理方式对杉木幼林土壤磷组分及其有效性的影响

森林采伐剩余物的不同处理方式改变了输入土壤的有机质数量和质量,从而影响森林土壤的养分含量和有效性.而磷(P)作为影响植物生长的关键因子,其含量及有效性对森林采伐剩余物不同处理方式的响应尚不明确.本研究对福建省三明市格氏栲自然保护区杉木成熟林采伐后产生的采伐剩余物进行保留、清除、火烧处理,4年后,对不同处理0～10及10～20 cm土层土壤中各组分P的变化及影响因子进行了研究.结果表明:0～10 cm土层保留处理极有效P、中等有效P、非有效P含量显著高于清除处理,而在10～20 cm土层保留处理中,中等有效P、非有效P含量显著高于火烧处理.各处理不同土层土壤有机碳与有机磷的比值(C∶Po)>200,并且保留处理在不同土层C∶Po均显著小于清除、火烧处理,表明保留处理可以缓解本地区P限制.冗余分析表明,土壤可溶性有机碳、游离型铁、无定形铁是影响土壤P组分的重要因素.土壤有机P和有效P主要来源于植物残体的降解,保留采伐剩余物可以增加土壤P含量,还可以提高土壤P的有效性,缓解地区P限制,为植被生长提供持续的P供应.

Effects of harvest residue treatments on soil phosphorus fractions and availability in a young Chinese fir plantation

Forest harvesting changes the quantity and quality of organic matter inputs into soil, and thus would alter soil nutrient content and availability. Phosphorus (P) is a key element affecting plant growth. The effects of harvest residue treatments on soil P fractions and availability had not yet been evaluated. In this study, harvest residue retainment (RR), residue removal (R) and residue burning (RB) treatments were manipulated after clear-cutting in a mature Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation at the Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change Research Station in Fujian, China. This study focused on the dynamics of soil P fractions and their driving factors in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers after 4-year residue treatments. The results showed that, in RR treatment, the contents of easily-available P, moderately-available P and non-available P at the 0-10 cm soil layer were all significantly higher than those in R treatment, while the contents of moderately-available P and non-available P at the 10-20 cm soil layer was significantly higher than those in RB treatments. The ratios of soil organic carbon (C) to organic P (C:Po) in both layers were over 200 for all the three treatments, with ratios in RR treatment being significantly lower than those in RB and R treatments, indicating that RR could alleviate P limitation in this ecosystem. Moreover, results of the redundancy analysis showed that changes in P fractions were mainly affected by dissolved organic C, free Fe and noncrystalline amorphous Fe. The results suggested that soil organic P and available P were mainly from the decomposition of plant residues, which supported continuous P supply for plant growth. RR could enhance soil P content, thereby improve soil P availability and mitigate P limitation in Chinese fir plantation.