乌丹地区文冠果生物学特性及物候观测

通过野外定枝追踪，对乌丹地区文冠果年生长周期的物候、生殖过程进行连续观测，研究了文冠果的果实生长进程与有效积温的关系、数量动态和落花落果率.结果表明：文冠果物候变化与有效积温之间存在极显著的线性函数关系；雄花花丝的伸长和花药的开裂在时间上具有先后性；文冠果果实生长发育过程中经历3次落果，授粉率为26.4%，落花率达73.6%，落果率可达92.9%，落花、落果现象十分严重;6月上中旬果实的纵径生长较快，6月中下旬果实横径生长较快，纵横径比可达2.17；个体间物候有一定的差异，不利于文冠果异株授粉和授粉率的提高.

Biology and phenology of Xanthoceras sorbifolia in Wudan area.

Based on the continuous observation on located trees and branches, the phenology and sexual reproductive process of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge in an annual growth cycle in Wudan area were investigated, and the relationships between fruit growth process of X. sorbifolia and effective accumulative temperature as well as the quantitative dynamics of flowers and fruits were studied. The results showed that the phenology of X. sorbifolia had a significant linear correlation with effective accumulative temperature, and there was a time sequence in the male flower silk elongating and antheral unfolding. The fruits of X. sorbifolia experienced three times of dropping during their growth process. The pollination rate was 26.4%, flower dropping rate was 73.6%, and fruit dropping rate was 92.9%, suggesting that the dropping of flowers and fruits was very serious. The fruits had a quicker vertical growth from early June to mid June and a quicker horizontal growth in the last ten-day of June, with the highest ratio of vertical to horizontal length being 2.17. The individuals of X. sorbifolia had definite differences in their phenology, which was disadvantageous to the cross pollination among the individuals, and the enhancement of pollination rate.