陕北黄土区封禁流域坡面微地形植被特征分异

以陕西省吴起县合沟流域内微地形及原状坡面的植被调查数据为基础,研究浅沟、切沟、塌陷、缓台和陡坎5种黄土高原典型微地形植被特征及其与原状坡面的差异.结果表明:黄土区封禁流域坡面微地形内植物群落物种组成、数量特征及其多样性存在明显差异.经过12年的自然恢复,研究区域形成以铁杆蒿和茭蒿为优势种的草本群落,伴生种中,陡坎和切沟出现灌木扁核木和柠条,缓台出现湿生性植物芦苇.微地形植被的盖度、平均高度和生物量多优于原状坡面,且以切沟和塌陷最为显著.不同微地形Shannon指数的大小顺序为陡坎＞切沟＞浅沟＞原状坡面＞缓台＞塌陷.

Differentiation of vegetation characteristics on slope micro-topography of fenced watershed in loess area of north Shaanxi Province, Northwest China

Based on the investigation data of the vegetations in Hegou valley in Wuqi County of Shaanxi Province, this paper studied the vegetation characteristics on the five typical micro-topography categories including shallow gully, gully, collapse, platform, and scarp in the loess area of north Shaanxi, with the undisturbed slope as the control. There existed distinct differences in the species composition, quantitative characteristics, and species diversity of plant communities on the five typical micro-topography categories and the undisturbed slope. After twelve years of enclosure recovery, the study area formed herbaceous plant community, with Artemisia sacrorum and Artemisia giraldii as the dominant species. Among the main companion species, shrubs such as Prinsepia uniflora and Caragana korshinskii were found in scarp and gully, and hygrophyte Phragmites australis appeared in platform. The coverage, height, and biomass of the plant communities on most of the micro-topography categories, especially on the gully and collapse, were larger than those on the undisturbed slope. The Shannon index on the micro-topography categories and undisturbed slope was in the order of scarp > gully > shallow gully > undisturbed slope > platform > collapse.