番茄基质通气栽培模式的效果

针对雾培模式在提高作物产量同时增加无土栽培成本的问题,研制了一种新型的珍珠岩通气栽培模式,探讨了其对番茄的栽培效果.试验设计3种栽培方式:全珍珠岩栽培(CK),珍珠岩通气栽培(T1)和气雾培(T2).结果表明:T1可显著改善番茄根际通气环境,其中根际CO2浓度仅为CK的1/5,O2浓度则为CK的1.17倍;显著增加了番茄的株高和茎粗,在定植后60d时,株高和茎粗分别比CK增加了5.1%和8.4%;植株净光合速率显著高于CK,在净光合速率达到最大值(定植后45d)时,比CK提高了13%;显著提高了植株根系活力和吸收能力,在定植后45d时,其根系活力为CK的1.23倍,在定植后60d时,根系钾、钙、镁含量分别比CK增加了31%、37%和27%,番茄产量为CK的1.16倍.且T1上述指标均与T2无显著差异;而CK、T1和T2在果实的可溶性糖、有机酸、糖酸比方面无显著差异.表明以珍珠岩为基质的通气栽培模式简便易行且可显著提高番茄产量.

Effects of substrate aeration cultivation pattern on tomato growth.

Aeroponics can increase the fruit yield of tomato plant, but its cost
is very high. In this paper, tomato seedlings were planted with three cultures, i.e., whole perlite culture (CK), perlite aeration culture (T₁), and aeroponi
cs (T₂), and a comparative study was made on the seedlings growth. Compared w
ith CK, T₁ improved the gas environment in root zone significantly, with the C
O₂ and O₂ concentrations in root zone being 0.2 and 1.17 times higher, and
 increased the plant height and stem diameter after 60 days of transplanting by
5.1% and 8.4%, respectively. The plant net photosynthetic rate of T₁ was signi
ficantly higher than that of CK, with the maximum value after transplanting 45 d
ays increased by 13%. T₁ also increased the root activity and ion absorbing abil
ity significantly, with the root activity after transplanting 45 days being 1.23 times of CK, and the root K, Ca, and Mg contents after transplanting 60 days i
ncreased by 31%, 37%, and 27%, respectively. The fruit yield of T₁ was 1.16 t
imes of CK. No significant differences in these indices were observed between T₁and T₂, and less difference in the fruit soluble sugar and organic acid co
ntents as well as the sugar acid ratio was found among CK, T₁, and T₂. It w
as suggested that perlite aeration cultivation pattern was an easy and feasible
 way to markedly improve the fruit yield of tomato plant.