不同针阔树种造林比例下小兴安岭森林景观的动态模拟

采用空间直观森林景观模型（LANDIS）模拟了不同针、阔树种造林比例（P1，100%阔叶树；P2，70%阔叶树、30%针叶树；P3，50%阔叶树、50%针叶树；P4，30%阔叶树、70%针叶树；P5，100%针叶树）和采伐后完全依赖天然更新（P6）6种预案下2001—2201年小兴安岭友好林业局森林景观的动态变化.结果表明：人工更新造林措施可以有效地促进研究区森林资源的恢复，但单一营造针叶树的预案会使其阔叶树的面积百分比低于P6预案，而单一地营造阔叶树会导致该预案下针叶树的面积百分比低于P6预案；随着针叶树种造林比例的增加，针叶树（红松和落叶松）所占面积比例随之增加；随着阔叶树种造林比例的增加，阔叶树（蒙古栎）所占面积亦随之增加；人工更新造林措施减少了研究区白桦的分布面积.不同的造林措施不仅改变树种所占的面积百分比，还影响其空间格局：随着针叶树种造林比例的增加，针叶树（红松和落叶松）的聚集度指数随之增加；随着阔叶树种造林比例的增加，阔叶树（蒙古栎）的聚集度指数随之增加；人工更新造林措施对白桦的聚集度指数无明显影响.

Modeling of forest landscape change in Xiaoxinganling Mountains under different planting proportions of coniferous and broadleaved species.

With spatially explicit landscape model (LANDIS), the dynamic change of forest landscape in Youhao Forest Bureau in Xiaoxinganling Mountains from 2001-2201 under 5 planting proportions of coniferous and broadleaved species, i.e., 100% broadleaved species, 70% broadleaved and 30% coniferous species, 50% broadleaved and 50% coniferous species, 30% broadleaved and 70% coniferous species, and 100% coniferous species, was studied, taking the forest under natural regeneration after harvesting as the control. The results showed that afforestation effectively promoted the recovery of forest resources, but single planting of coniferous species would lead to the area percent of broadleaved species lower than the control. When broadleaved species were planted only, the area percent of coniferous species was lower than the control. The area percent and aggregation index of Pinus koraiensis and Larix gmelini increased with increasing planting proportion of coniferous species, and those of Quercus mongolica increased with increasing planting proportion of broadleaved species. Afforestation decreased the area percent of Betula phatyphylla, but had no significant effects on its aggregation index. Different afforestation strategies not only altered the species area percent, but also affected the species spatial pattern.