应急输水工程对塔里木河下游地区植被覆盖度的影响

基于塔里木河下游地区1999年TM、2002年ETM和2004年ASTER遥感影像及其基础背景数据，对应急输水工程前后研究区植被覆盖度和土地沙漠化的动态变化进行了研究.结果表明：随着应急输水工程的实施，塔河下游地区中、高植被覆盖度的面积逐年增加，分别由1999年的 7 447.16、17 146.80 hm²增加至2004年的9 129.16、26 236.61 hm²，低、劣植被覆盖度面积分别减少了9 989.10和782.71 hm²；1999—2004年间，研究区沙漠化总面积由506 258.06 hm²减少至498 043.93 hm²，呈逐年缩小趋势.研究期间，部分沙漠化地区出现了较为明显的逆转，生态环境趋于好转，应急输水工程对塔河下游生态环境的改善起到了重要作用.

Effects of Emergent Water Project on vegetation coverage in the lower reaches of Tarim River.

Based on the TM in 1999, ETM in 2000, ASTER in 2004, and the background data of the lower reaches of Tarim River, the dynamic changes of vegetation coverage and land desertification before and after the implementation of Emergent Water Project were studied. The results showed that with the implementation of the Project, the areas with medium and higher vegetation coverage increased from 7,447.16 hm2 and 17,146.80 hm2 in 1999 to 9,129.16 hm2 and 26,236.61 hm2 in 2004, and those with lower and poor vegetation coverage decreased by 9,989.10 hm2 and 782.71 hm2, respectively. In 1990-2004, the total area of desertification decreased from 506,258.06 hm2 to 498,043.93 hm2, and the ecological environment in parts of the desertification area tended to be improved, indicating that the Emergent Water Project played an important role in improving the ecological environment in the lower reaches of Tarim River.