施肥对设施菜地土壤磷累积及淋失潜能的影响

以不同肥力设施菜地土壤为研究对象，通过填装土柱模拟试验，研究不同施肥措施对磷素累积及淋溶的影响.结果表明： 随着淋溶时间的延长，磷素淋溶量增加，但累积淋溶量较少，说明本试验中磷素淋溶损失的风险较小，主要累积在土体内的不同土层中.试验结束时，土壤肥力和施肥处理均显著影响不同土层中全磷和速效磷含量.与低肥力土壤相比，中肥力土壤全磷和速效磷增幅为14.3%和12.2%，高肥力土壤增幅为33.3%和37.7%.有机肥化肥混施处理(M+NPK)土壤全磷含量显著高于单施化肥(NPK)和有机肥(M)处理，增幅分别为5.7%和4.3%；M及M+NPK处理中速效磷含量显著高于NPK处理，增幅分别为13.0%和3.1%.10～20 cm土层全磷和速效磷含量最高，0～10和10～20 cm土层全磷和速效磷含量显著高于20~40 cm土层.

Effects of fertilization on the P accumulation and leaching in vegetable greenhouse soil.

A packed soil column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different fertilization practices on phosphorus (P) accumulation and leaching potential in a vegetable greenhouse soil with different fertility levels. The results showed that the leaching loss of total P in the leachates elevated with the increment of leaching time while the accumulative leaching loss of total P was relatively low, indicating P was mainly accumulated in the soil instead of in the leachate. At the end of the leaching experiment, soil fertility and fertilization treatment affected the content of total phosphorus and Olsen P significantly. Compared with the low level fertility soil, the contents of total P and Olsen P increased by 14.3% and 12.2% in the medium level fertility soil, 33.3% and 37.7% in the high level fertility soil. Total P in the combined application of poultry manure and chemical fertilizer (M+NPK) was elevated by 5.7% and 4.3%, compared with the NPK and M treatment. Compared with NPK treatment, Olsen P in M and M+NPK treatments augmented by 13.0% and 3.1%, respectively. Soil total P and Olsen P mainly accumulated in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, and much less in the 20-40 cm soil layer.