石油污灌渠底泥生态毒性诊断研究

底泥样品采自沈阳东部石油污水灌渠的上、中、下游.进行了重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、矿物油含量分析和生态毒性试验.结果表明，所有底泥均有污染物积累.矿物油含量为408～118 300 mg·kg^-1，Cu为17.83～78.53 mg·kg^-1，Zn为35.76～155.16 mg·kg^-1，Pb为8.50～31.03 mg·kg^-1，Cd为0.1 mg·kg^-1 ～1.0mg·kg^-1.底泥对高等植物有不同程度的生长抑制或刺激效应，对蚯蚓有急性致死及慢性亚致死效应.种子发芽根伸长抑制率为-29.81%～93.8%，蚯蚓14 d死亡率最大值为100%.蚯蚓14d和28d体重增长抑制率分别为-36.6%～6.08%和-40.4%～6.1%.研究表明，长期石油污水灌溉导致河道底泥中污染物的积累和较强生态毒性.

Eco-toxicity diagnosis on sediments of petroleum wastewater irrigation channel

Sediment samples were collected from several sites in the upper, mid and lower reaches of the petroleum wastewater irrigation channel in eastern Shenyang of China, and the concentrations of their Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and mineral oil were analyzed. The results showed that the pollutants were accumulated in all of sediment samples, with 408-118,300 mg x kg(-1) mineral oil, 17.83-78.53 mg x kg(-1) Cu, 35.76-155.16 mg x kg(-1) Zn, 8.50-31.03 mg x kg(-1) Pb and 0.1-1.0 mg x kg(-1) Cd. The sediments showed an inhibition or stimulation effect on plant root elongation and a lethal and sub-lethal effect on earthworm. The inhibition rate of root elongation based on germination test was -29.81 to 93.8%. During 14 d exposure, the maximum mortality rate of earworm was 100%, and during 14d and 28d exposure, the inhibition rate of its body weight growth was -36.6%-(-)6.08% and -40.4%-6.1%, respectively. The study indicated that a long-term irrigation with petroleum wastewater resulted in the accumulation of pollutants in channel sediments and enhanced eco-toxicity.