水环境毒物污染点源的生态风险管理现状与展望

评述了发达国家和我国在这一领域的进展和前景。目前国内外常用的基于水质标准／废水排放标准的特征化学污染物法，并不能有效控制组分复杂的废水中的有机毒物排放。因此，仅应用这一传统方法对水环境有机毒物污染点源难以实现有效的生态风险管理。同时采用全废水的生态毒性法可就弥补这一缺陷，根据生态风险管理要求可有效控制组份复杂的废水中有毒有机污染物的排放。鉴别出导致废水生态毒性的关键有机毒物的毒性鉴别评价，是毒物污染点源的生态风险管理核心。本文还对毒性鉴别评价方法学的发展以及全废水毒性法应用于我国水环境毒物污染点源生态风险管理的前景作了评述。

Advances in the ecological risk management of pollution point sources of toxicants in aquatic environment

Progress in this field in developed countries and China was reviewed and the prospects were also presented in this paper. Based on the water quality standards and discharge standards,the chemical specific approach in common use could not effectively control complex discharges containing toxic organics. Therefore, applying this traditional approach only was not a valuable measure. Toxicity based approach could be used at the same time to supply the gap for the control of complex discharges containing toxic organics effectively based on the requirements of ecological risk management. Toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) for identifying the key toxicants causing the effluent ecotoxicity was a core of the ecological risk management of point sources of toxics. The prospects were also described for the development of TIE methodology and the application of toxicity based approach to the ecological risk management of point sources of toxicants in aquatic environment in China.