全膜双垄沟播玉米耗水特性和籽粒产量对不同氮素形态配比的响应

为优化陇中干旱、半干旱地区全膜双垄沟播玉米的氮肥运筹,提高玉米籽粒产量,通过大田试验,研究了不同氮素形态配比(NO₃^--N/NH₄⁺-N)N₁(1∶0)、N₂(1∶1)、N₃(1∶3)、N₄(3∶1)]对旱地全膜双垄沟播玉米耗水特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明: 不同氮素形态配比显著影响玉米0～200 cm土层的土壤贮水量,且N₄处理土壤贮水量最低.N₄处理农田总耗水量最高,较N₁、N₂、N₃分别显著增加了2.9%、1.9%、0.9%(2015)和2.3%、1.4%、2.2%(2017).玉米籽粒产量和水分利用效率(WUE)在3个生长季均表现为N₄处理最高,籽粒产量较其他处理分别高出3.3%～9.9%(2015)、3.5%～24.2%(2016)和8.3%～36.1%(2017),WUE则较其他处理分别高出1.6%～6.8%、4.9%～21.8%和6.6%～32.9%.N₄处理下玉米的氮肥偏生产力显著高于其他处理,然后依次为N₃、N₂和N₁.综合考虑,NO₃^--N/NH₄⁺-N=3∶1是适宜陇中干旱、半干旱地区全膜双垄沟播玉米增产的氮肥运筹措施.

Responses of water consumption characteristics and grain yield of maize to different nitrogen form ratios with full film mulching on double ridges and planting in furrows

To optimize the effects of nitrate (NO₃^--N) to ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) ratios on water consumption characteristics, grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize under full film mulching on double ridges, a field experiment was conducted at semi-arid Loess Plateau of Gansu Province, China during 2015 to 2017 cropping seasons. The treatments with different ratios of NO₃^--N to NH₄⁺-N included: N₁ (1:0), N₂ (1:1), N₃ (1:3) and N₄ (3:1). The results showed that different NO₃^--N/NH₄⁺-N ratios had significant impacts on soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer. Treatment N₃ had the lowest soil water storage. Treatment N₄ significantly increased total water consumption by 2.9%, 1.9% and 0.9% in 2015, and 2.3%, 1.4%, and 2.2% in 2017, compared with N₁, N₂ and N₃ treatments, respectively. Compared with the other treatments, treatment N₄ increased grain yield by 3.3%-9.9%, 3.5%-24.2% and 8.3%-36.1% and improved WUE by 1.6%-6.8%, 4.9%-21.8%, and 6.6%-32.9% in 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Treatment N₄ had the highest partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, followed by N₂, N₃ and N₁, respectively. We recommended treatment N₄ as the best nitrate and ammonium ratio to improve water use efficiency, N partial productivity, and grain yield of maize in arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau.