不同生草处理对苹果园土壤微生物群落的影响

以自然生草为对照,采用高通量测序技术分析种植黑麦草、白三叶、鼠茅草和长柔毛野豌豆对山东省阳谷县苹果园土壤微生物群落的影响,并揭示其与土壤养分含量及理化性质的相关性.结果表明: 种植黑麦草可提高土壤中链格孢菌和曲霉的相对丰度,白三叶处理可提高土壤赤霉的相对丰度,鼠茅草处理可增加土壤短梗菌属和毛壳属真菌的相对丰度,长柔毛野豌豆处理可增加土壤亚硝化螺菌和绿僵菌等有益菌的相对丰度,而自然生草则会使土壤青枯菌等病原细菌数量增加.Spearman相关性分析发现,土壤芽孢杆菌与有机质呈极显著正相关;曲霉与速效磷、速效钾和阳离子交换量(CEC)、有机质呈显著负相关;绿僵菌与pH、CEC呈显著正相关.研究表明,苹果园行间种植长柔毛野豌豆,有助于在一定程度上提高土壤有机质及养分含量,改善土壤微生态环境.

Effects of different grasses cultivation on apple orchard soil microbial community

Taking naturally growing grass (NG) as comparison, high-throughput sequencing technique was adopted to examine the effects of Lolium perenne (LP), Trifolium repens (TR), Vulpia myuros (VM), and Vicia villosa (VV) cultivation on soil microbial community in apple orchard of Yanggu County, Shandong Province, and the correlations of soil microbial community with soil nutrient and physicochemical property. The results showed that LP increased the relative abundance of Alternaria and Aspergillus in soil, TR increased that of Gibberella, VM increased Aureobasidium and Chaetomium, and VV increased probiotics such as Nitrososophaera and Metarhizium. However, the quantity of pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia was improved in NG treatment. Results from Spearman correlation analysis showed that the abundance of Bacillus was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of soil organic matter. The abundance of Aspergillus was significantly negatively correlated with available phosphorus, available potassium, CEC, and organic matter. The abundance of Metarhizium was significantly positively correlated with soil pH and CEC. Planting VV between rows of apple orchards, and enhancing the soil organic matter and nutrients content in a certain extent, helped to improve soil micro-ecological environment.