微藻废水生物处理技术研究进展

微藻因生长速率快、细胞脂质含量高及具有生物隔离二氧化碳能力,已作为新一代生物质能源受到广泛关注.然而,投入大量淡水资源并需在生长期间持续提供营养物质已成为规模化培育微藻的主要障碍.将微藻培育系统与废水处理相结合是经济可行的污水资源化方案.基于微藻生长期间对氮磷等营养物质的利用机制,本文综述了微藻在各类废水生物处理过程中的应用情况,着重分析了其对废水中有机与无机化合物、重金属以及病原体的去除或抑制能力.同时,考察了废水初始营养物浓度、光照、温度、pH与盐度以及气体交换量等环境因素对微藻生长代谢的影响.此外,结合微藻规模化应用所面临的问题,对微藻废水处理技术的应用前景及发展方向进行了展望,旨在为水生态系统的建设与管理提供参考.

Advances in biological wastewater treatment technology of microalgae.

Microalgae has the advantages of high growth rates, high cellular lipid productivity and capability to bio-sequester carbon dioxide, and thus being widely studied as a new generation of biomass energy. The sustained investment in freshwater resources and nutrients during its growth period, however, is a major obstacle to large-scale cultivation. Combining a microalgae culture system with wastewater treatment is an economically viable wastewater resource utilization strategy. Based on the utilization mechanism of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus during the growth of microalgae, we reviewed the application of microalgae in the biological wastewater treatment. The removal/inhibition ability of organic and inorganic compounds, heavy metals and pathogens were analyzed. The effects of environmental factors including the initial nutrient concentration, light, temperature, pH, salinity and gas exchange on the growth and metabolism of microalgae were investigated. In addition, combined with the problems faced by the large-scale application of microalgae, the application prospect and development direction of microalgae wastewater treatment were prospected, with the aim to provide references for the construction and management of water ecosystems.