大兴安岭地区生态系统完整性动态评价

全球气候变化和人类干扰活动对陆地生态系统影响的强度和范围不断扩大,而在生态系统完整性评价研究中,针对中大尺度异质景观系统的评价方法较为缺乏.本研究从景观生态学的视角,基于大兴安岭地区2005、2010、2015年土地利用数据及植被净初级生产力数据,选择景观结构和景观稳定性两方面的指标,采用GIS数据处理和分析平台,综合评估大兴安岭地区景观变化特征和由这些指标表征的生态系统完整性动态.结果表明: 大兴安岭地区是以林地为主导的森林生态系统,林地优势度稳定在64.9%,远高于优势度第二位的草地;大兴安岭地区景观多样性指数在3个时期均为0.59,占景观多样性指数最大值的42.4%,说明该地区景观阻抗稳定性未发生变化;从大兴安岭地区各景观生物量来看,耕地及住宅用地呈逐年增加趋势,林地逐年减少,说明人为干扰对大兴安岭地区的影响在增强.

Dynamic evaluation of ecosystem integrity in Greater Khingan Range area,China.

The impacts of global climate change and human disturbance on terrestrial ecosystems has been expanding in intensity and scope. However, there is a lack of evaluation methods for large-scale heterogeneous landscape systems during ecosystem integrity assessment. From the perspective of landscape ecology, this study chose the indicators of landscape structure and landscape stability to comprehensively evaluate regional landscape change characteristics and ecosystem integrity dynamics of Greater Hinggan Mountains area using land use data and NPP data of 2005, 2010 and 2015 with GIS data processing and analysis platform. The results showed that Greater Hinggan Mountains area was dominated by forest land. The dominance degree of forest land was stable at 64.9%, which was much higher than the grassland that with the second dominance. The landscape diversity index was 0.59 in all three periods, accounting for 42.4% of the maximum value of landscape diversity index. Such a result indicated that the landscape resistance was stable in this area. From the view of landscape biomass, farmland and residential land had increased year by year, while forest area had decreased year by year, indicating that the effects of human disturbance on Greater Hinggan Mountains area were increasing.