农田土壤硝酸盐积累与淋失研究进展

农田土壤硝酸盐淋失是导致地下水硝酸盐污染的主要原因。影响农田土壤中硝酸盐积累的淋失的因素很多。主要有施肥、降水、灌溉、土壤性质以及耕种制度等，过量施用氮肥，不论是单独施用无机肥、有机肥还是有机、无机混施都能造成硝酸盐在土体中大量积累；耕作和种植制度均能影响硝酸盐在土体中的积累和迁移；降水和灌溉带来的下渗水流是累积在土壤中的硝酸盐向下迁移直至淋失的必要条件，也是运载工具，而土壤中的大孔隙则是下渗水流的主要通道，农田土壤硝酸盐的积累与淋失是多种因素综合作用的结果，模型是研究和预测硝酸盐淋失的理想工具，近年来发展很快，并且得到了很好的应用。

Advances in studies on accumulation and leaching of nitrate in farming soil.

Nitrate leaching in farming soil is the main reason resulting in ground water pollution of nitrate.The main factors,which can affect nitrate accumulation and leaching greatly,include fertilization,precipitation,irrigation,soil characteristics,and cultivation system.Superfluous nitrogen in soil caused either by using chemical fertilizer and manure solely or compost will result in nitrate accumulation.Cultivation and plow systems also can affect the process of nitrate accumulating and leaching.Down flows due to irrigation or precipitation are the necessary condition and carrier for transference and leaching of accumulated nitrate in soil.Great pores are the main channels for down flows.These factors always work corporately.Mathematical model,which has been developed quickly and used widely,may be a good method to study and predict nitrate leaching in farming land