不同有机无机复混肥对水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响

通过田间试验，研究了菜粕堆肥、猪粪堆肥和中药渣堆肥有机无机复混肥与化肥对常优1号水稻产量、氮素利用效率、土壤供氮特征以及土壤微生物多样性的影响.结果表明：各施氮肥处理的稻谷产量（7918.8～9449.2 kg·hm^-2）均显著高于对照（6947.9 kg·hm^-2），其中有机无机复混肥处理的稻谷产量(8532.0～9449.2 kg·hm^-2)显著高于化肥处理（7918.8 kg·hm^-2），比化肥处理增产7.7%～19.3%；菜粕堆肥、猪粪堆肥、中药渣堆肥有机无机复混肥处理的氮素积累量、氮素转运率、氮素回收率和氮肥农学利用效率及生理利用效率均显著高于化肥处理；有机无机复混肥处理明显提高了土壤矿质氮含量，改善了土壤供氮特性，提高了氮利用率；对各处理土壤DNA条带采用邻接法分析显示：5个处理土壤样品可分为三大族群，化肥与对照处理为第一族群，猪粪堆肥、中药渣堆肥处理为第二族群，菜粕堆肥处理属第三族群.表明施入外源有机物质(菜粕、猪粪与中药渣)可能会改变土壤的细菌群落结构，而施入化肥对土壤的细菌群落结构影响较小.

Effects of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

A field experiment was carried to study the effects of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers on rice yield, nitrogen (N) use efficiency, soil N supply, and soil microbial diversity. Rapeseed cake compost (RCC), pig manure compost (PMC), and Chinese medicine residue compost (MRC) were mixed with chemical N, P and K fertilizers. All the treatments except CK received the same rate of N. The results showed that all N fertilizer application treatments had higher rice yield (79188〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗94492 kg·hm-2) than the control (69479 kg·hm-2). Compared with that of chemical fertilizers (CF) treatment (79188 kg·hm-2), the yield of the three organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers treatments ranged in 85320〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗94492 kg·hm-2, and the increment was 77%〖KG-*2〗-〖KG-*7〗193%. Compared with treatment CF, the treatments of organic-inorganic mixed fertilizers were significantly higher in N accumulation, N transportation efficiency, N recovery rate, agronomic N use efficiency, and physiological N use efficiency. These mixed fertilizers treatments promoted rice N uptake and improved soil N supply, and thus, increased N use efficiency, compared with treatments CF and CK. Neighbor joining analysis indicated that soil bacterial communities in the five treatments could be classified into three categories, i.e., CF and CK, PMC and MRC, and RCC, implying that the application of exogenous organic materials could affect soil bacterial communities, while applying chemical fertilizers had little effect on them.