滨海半城市化地区景观格局演变——以厦门市集美区为例

基于厦门市集美区1987—2007年5期TM/ETM+遥感影像数据,选取斑块类型水平和景观水平上的景观指数,定量研究了半城市化地区的景观发育过程及其时空动态特征.结果表明:研究区景观格局演变具有快速性、不稳定性、异质性和过渡性特征;1987—2007年间,研究区城市建设用地面积的增长最快,由2.7km2增至29.1km2,年均增长率13%,但仍然不是优势景观,其扩展主要通过侵占农用地和吸纳农村建设用地实现,并呈现出"飞地式"特征和复杂的空间形态;农村建设用地面积增加了2.3倍,年均增长率6.2%,其空间扩展呈现出无序和分散的特征;城市和农村的扩展导致农用地面积减少了42%,并呈破碎化趋势;受城市化影响,半城市化地区的整体景观在快速复杂的转变中趋于破碎化,景观异质性增强.

Evolvement of landscape pattern in coastal peri-urban area: A case study of Jimei District, Xiamen City

Based on the 1987-2007 Landsat TM/ETM⁺ images of Jimei District in Xiamen City, and through the analysis of landscape indices on both patch- and landscape scales, this paper quantitatively studied the evolvement and spatiotemporal characteristics of the unique landscape pattern in the coastal peri-urban area. The evolvement of the landscape pattern in the area had the characters of rapid, instable, heterogeneous, and transitional. In 1987-2007, the land area for urban construction increased from 2.7 km² to 29.1 km², with an average annual growth rate of 13%, but still was not the predominant landscape. The rapid expansion of urban construction land was mainly through occupying farmland and absorbing rural settlements, which showed the character of “enclave” and resulted in a complex space form. In the same period, the land area for rural construction increased by 2.3 times, with an average annual growth rate of 6.2%, and the expansion of the rural construction land had the characters of out-of-order and dispersive. 42% of the farmland was depleted by the urban and rural sprawl, resulting in its fragmentation. Under the effects of urbanization, the overall landscape pattern of the peri-urban area tended to be fragmentized and heterogeneous, because of the rapid and complicated landscape change.