开放式空气CO2浓度增高对水稻冠层微气候的影响

利用位于江苏省无锡市安镇的我国唯一的农田开放式空气CO2 浓度增高 (FACE)系统平台 ,于2 0 0 1年 8月 2 6日至 10月 13日 (水稻抽穗至成熟期 )进行水稻作物冠层微气候连续观测 ,以研究FACE对水稻冠层微气候特征的影响 .结果表明 ,FACE降低了水稻叶片的气孔导度 ,FACE与对照水稻叶片气孔导度的差异上层叶片大于下层叶片 ,生长前期大于生长后期 .FACE使白天水稻冠层和叶片温度升高 ,这种差异生长前期大于生长后期 ;但FACE对夜间水稻冠层温度的影响不明显 .在水稻旺盛生长的抽穗开花期 ,晴天正午前后FACE水稻冠层温度比对照高 1.2℃ ;从开花至成熟期 ,FACE水稻冠层白天平均温度比对照高 0 .4 3℃ .FACE对冠层空气温度也有影响 ,白天水稻冠层空气温度FACE高于对照 ,这种差异随太阳辐射增强而增大且冠层中部大于冠层顶部 ;冠层中部空气温度FACE与对照的差异 (Tface-Tambient)日最大值在 0 .4 7～ 1.2℃之间 ,而冠层顶部的Tface-Tambient日最大值在 0 .37～ 0 .8℃之间 .夜间水稻冠层空气温度FACE与对照差别不大 ,变化在± 0 .3℃之内 .而FACE对水稻冠层空气湿度无显著影响 ,表明FACE使水稻叶片气孔导度降低 ,从而削弱了植株的蒸腾降温作用 ,导致水稻冠层温度和冠层空气温度升高 ,改变了整个水稻冠层的温度环

Effects of free-air CO2 enrichment on rice canopy microclimate

In this study, the free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system (setup at at Anzhen, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in 2001) was used to investigate the effects of FACE on rice canopy microclimate. The rice canopy microclimate observations were carried out from August 26 to October 13, 2001, when the rice crops were at the heading to maturing development stage. The results showed that FACE reduced the rice leaf stomatal conductance. The rice leaf stomatal conductance difference between FACE and ambient was larger among upper layer leaves than among lower layer leaves and at heading and milk filling stages than at maturing stage. FACE increased daytime rice canopy temperature but had little effect on nighttime rice canopy temperature. The daytime rice canopy temperature difference between FACE and ambient was larger at heading and milk filling stages than at maturing stage. From heading to flowering, the daily maximum rice canopy temperature difference between FACE and ambient reached 1.2 degrees C under fine weather condition. The average daytime rice canopy temperature from flowering to maturing stage was about 0.43 degree C. Daytime air temperature inside rice canopy was also affected by FACE. Daytime air temperature inside rice canopy was higher in FACE plot than in ambient plot. The value of daytime air temperature difference between FACE and ambient increased with the increase of solar radiation and varied with height. The maximum daytime air temperature difference between FACE and ambient varied between 0.47-1.2 degrees C and 0.37-0.8 degree C at middle of canopy and canopy height, respectively. Air humidity and nighttime air temperature inside rice canopy were not significantly affected by FACE. These results indicate that FACE reducing rice leaf stomatal conductance was the major cause of the increase of canopy temperature and inside canopy air temperature in FACE plot. The higher canopy temperature and inside canopy air temperature in FACE plot resulted in the earlier maturity of rice crop in FACE plot than that in the ambient plot.