西鄂尔多斯珍稀濒危植物长叶红砂种子萌发特征

珍稀濒危灌木长叶红砂是我国西北干旱地区荒漠植被中的古老残遗物种,对维持荒漠植被稳定具有重要作用.本文研究了长叶红砂种子特性,及其在不同光照、温度、土壤水分和沙埋等环境因子中的萌发策略.结果表明:长叶红砂种子具有高活力、高萌发率、耐贮存的特点,在光照和黑暗条件下均能很好地萌发.种子萌发的适宜温度为恒温20 ℃～25 ℃或变温15 ℃/25 ℃,萌发率高达93%.土壤含水量为2%时,种子开始萌发；土壤含水量为12%时,其萌发率最高,达89%.长叶红砂种子适宜的沙埋深度为1 cm,＞5 cm沙埋不出苗.沙埋深度对出苗率和幼苗生长高度的影响显著,而对幼苗质量的影响不显著.水分条件和沙埋深度是制约长叶红砂种子萌发和出苗的主要因素,而种子的高萌发率增加了幼苗生存的风险,不利于其应对荒漠极端环境变化.这种特性是长叶红砂濒危的重要原因之一.

Characteristics of seed germination of rare plant species Reaumuria trigyna in west Ordos.

Reaumuria trigyna is a relic species in the desert shrubbery vegetation in arid regions of northwestern China, and plays an important role in the maintenance of the stability of desert vegetation. In this paper, the seed traits and germination strategy of R. trigyna under different environmental conditions, e.g., light, temperature, soil moisture, and sand bury, were investigated. The results showed that R. trigyna seed had high vigor and high germination rate, and endured reserve. The seed could germinate either in light or in darkness, and the optimal temperature for germination was 20 ℃-25 ℃ or 15 ℃/25 ℃, with the germination rate being 93%. The seed could start to germinate when soil moisture content was 2%, and the germination rate was the highest (89%) when the moisture content was 12%. The optimal sand burial depth of R. trigyna seed was 1 cm, and no seed would germinate when the sand burial depth was >5 cm. Sand burial depth had significant effects on the seedling’s emergence percentage and growth height, but lesser effects on seedling’s mass. Soil moisture and sand burial depth were the main environmental factors limiting the seed germination and seedling emergence of R. trigyna. The high seed germination rate of R. trigyna enhanced the survival risk of its seedlings, which was unfavorable to its handling with the extreme changes of desert environment. Such a character of R. trigyna seed was one of the factors causing the species endangered.