三种麻疯树种子油脂理化特性比较

以海南近海岸陆地上正常生长、结实的3个不同基因型麻疯树（南油1、2和3号）种子为材料，分析比较3种种子及其种子油的理化特性.结果表明：南油1、2和3号麻疯树种子长、宽、厚度和表面积差异均不显著，但南油2号种子千粒重显著大于1、3号、不完善粒率显著小于1、3号，其种子饱满度好，结实性状优.南油3号种子种仁含油量显著高于1、2号，而1、2号间无显著差异.3种麻疯树种子油的过氧化值、折射率和皂化值无显著差异，而南油2号的酸值显著低于1、3号；三者碘值皆低于100，且南油2号的碘值显著小于1、3号.3种麻疯树油脂肪酸成分主要是油酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸和十七碳酸，且皆以不饱和脂肪酸为主，南油2号的饱和脂肪酸含量相对较高.与南油1号相比, 南油2、3号的应用潜力相对大.

Comparison of seed oil physicochemical characteristics among three cultivars of Jatropha curcas L

Taking the cultivars Nanyou 1, 2, and 3 of barbadosnut (Jatropha curcas L.) with different genotypes that can grow and seed normally at the inshore land in Hainan as test materials, the characters of their seeds and the physicochemical characteristics of their seed oils were analyzed and compared. No significant differences were observed in the seed length, width, thickness, and surface area among the cultivars, but Nanyou 2 had greater 1000 seed mass and lower unsound kernel percentage than Nanyou 1 and Nanyou 3, suggesting that the seed satiation of Nanyou 2 was good and the fecundity was excellent. The kernel oil content of Nanyou 3 was significantly higher than that of Nanyou 1 and Nanyou 2, and there was no significant difference between Nanyou 1 and Nanyou 2. The seed oil peroxide value, refractive index, and saponification value of the three cultivars had no significant differences, but the acid value for Nanyou 2 was much lower than that for Nanyou 1 and Nanyou 3. The seed oil iodine value of the three cultivars was all below 100, and was significantly lower for Nanyou 2 than for Nanyou 1 and Nanyou 3. The fatty acids in the three cultivars seed oils were mainly oleic acid, palm itic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, and margaric acid, and dominated by unsaturated fatty acids. The contents of saturated fatty acids in Nanyou 2 seed oil were relatively higher than those in Nanyou 1 and Nanyou 3 seed oils, indicating that comparing with Nanyou 1, cultivars Nanyou 2 and Nanyou 3 had relatively good potential for application.