环境承载力研究进展

进行环境承载力理论与量化方法的研究,对于指导人类社会经济活动,协调人类发展与环境的关系,具有十分重要而迫切的现实意义.本文论述了环境承载力概念的发展过程,并从“容量”、“阈值”和“能力”三方面介绍了环境承载力定义,指出了环境承载力具有客观性和主观性、区域性和时间性、动态性和可调控性的主要特征.在此基础上,对目前国内外用于环境承载力定量化研究的指数评价法、承载率评价法、系统动力学方法和多目标模型最优化等方法进行了分析,最后对环境承载力研究的发展趋势进行了讨论.

Research progress on environmental carrying capacity

To study the theories and quantification methods of environmental carrying capacity is of significance in reality for directing human beings economic behaviors and harmonizing the relationships between social development and environment.In this paper,the definition of environmental carrying capacity was introduced from the aspects of "capacity","threshold" and "capability",with the main characteristics of objective and subjective,regional and temporal,and dynamic and adjustable,and its research progress was reviewed.On the basis of these,the quantification methods of environmental carrying capacity,including exponential assessment,carrying rate assessment,system dynamics,and multi-objective optimization,were analyzed,and the research perspectives of environmental carrying capacity were discussed.