有机改性粘土去除有害赤潮藻的研究

本研究以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为改性材料，通过粘土颗粒的表面吸附及离子交换作用对粘土进行了表面改性，并以常见于我国沿海的有害赤潮生物种-东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)为目标生物，研究了有机粘土对该藻的去除效果．结果表明，改性后的粘土具有极强的去除赤潮生物能力，当有机粘土的用量为0．01g·L-1时，在24h内东海原甲藻的去除率大于95％。而未经改性处理的原土在相同用量下没有表现出对东海原甲藻的有效去除作用，这表明通过有机改性能显著增强粘土的除藻能力．对有机粘土高效去除机理分析表明。有机粘土表面静电作用、季铵盐离子亲脂性长脂肪链的“网捕”作用及粘土颗粒表面局部高浓度季铵盐离子的灭杀作用是有机粘土具有强去除藻细胞能力的主要原因．

Extinguishment of harmful algae by organo-clay

Periodic and widespread algal blooms have caused a variety of problems for aquatic life and human activity throughout the world. Currently, the only remedial practice employed for removing algal blooms is to spread clay on the surface of the water. But, the algal removal efficiency by the crude minerals are not really ideal, and how to improve the capability of clays to remove algae is now the technological focus, which also is fatal to the practical value of clays. In this study, hexadecyltrimethyleamine bromide (HDTMAB), one kind of cationic organo-surfactants, was chosen to improve kaolin by surface sorption and cationic exchange, and was tested to remove Prorocentrum donghaiense, a red tide organism in Donghai Sea. The results indicated that organo-clay had an excellent ability to extinguish red tide organisms, even under the application of 0.01 g.L-1, and could subside more than 95% red tide organisms in 24 h. The efficient algae removal by organo-clay might be from the reversal of the surface electric charge on clay particles, the "net capture" by the long lipoid chains of HDTMAB, and the local high density of HDTMAB on particles surface, which could effectively kill algal cells.