生态系统通量研究进展

开展生态系统通量的长期定位观测研究具有重要的意义，本文在总结生态系统通量概念与内涵的基础上，概要介绍了全球通量网、区域通量网(美洲网、欧洲网、亚洲网)和中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络的建设与发展历程，以及生态系统通量的主要研究方法，包括微气象学方法(涡度相关法、质量平衡法、能量平衡法和空气动力学法)和箱式法(静态箱法和动态箱法)及其基本工作原理；系统地对不同生态系统类型，包括森林生态系统、农田生态系统、草原生态系统和水体生态系统的CO2通量、N2O通量、CH4通量、热通量等研究成果、方法及进展进行了评述；最后，结合我国不同生态系统类型通量研究的现实与需要，从生态系统通量研究的策略、水平、方法以及资金的投入、数据的管理与使用等方面提出了一些合理化建议与展望.

Research advances in ecosystem flux

To develop the long-term localized observation and investigation on ecosystem flux is of great importance. On the basis of generalizing the concepts and connotations of ecosystem flux, this paper introduced the construction and development histories of Global Flux Networks, Regional Flux Networks (Ameri-Flux, Euro-Flux and Asia-Flux) and China-Flux, as well as the main methodologies, including micrometeorological methods (such as eddy correlation method, mass balance method, energy balance method and air dynamic method)and chamber methods (static and dynamic chamber methods), and their basic operation principles. The research achievements, approaches and advances of CO2, N2O, CH4, and heat fluxes in forest ecosystem, farmland ecosystem, grassland ecosystem and water ecosystem were also summarized. In accordance with the realities and necessities of ecosystem flux research in China, some suggestions and prospects were put forward.