焦作市景观生态规划研究

运用景观生态学原理，借助于地理信息系统技术，根据焦作市实际情况，将其景观构成要素分为耕地、园地、林地、居民点及工矿用地、水域和其它用地6个景观类型，采用景观多样性、景观优势度、景观破碎度和景观分离度等指标进行定量分析，归纳焦作市景观空间格局特征，提出焦作市景观生态规划的方案.焦作市的景观总体布局模式为：市域保留4~5个大型自然植被斑块，市区规划小型绿地斑块，生态廊道将大小绿地斑块联系起来，维持城市生态系统良性循环；适当合并居民点，形成以市区为中心，其外侧有博爱区、沁阳市等7个市、区的组团式城市群，通过快速干道相连，形成相对独立、相互依存、有机联系、协调发展的网络城市格局；城镇斑块镶嵌于以耕地、林地为背景的基质之中，以道路廊道、绿地廊道、水系廊道相连接，有利于保持物种多样性和景观异质性，改善城市生态环境.

Landscape ecological planning of Jiaozuo city

With the application of the principles of landscape ecology and the techniques of geographic information systems, the landscape of Jiaozuo city was divided into six types, i. e., farmland, garden plot, woodland, residential and industrial area, waters, and others. The landscape diversity, dominance, fragmentation, and isolation indexes were calculated by models and GIS to analyze the spatial patterns of these landscape types. Based on the optimization of landscape spatial patterns, a pattern for developing a rational and natural ecosystem in Jiaozuo city was proposed, i. e., keeping four or five large natural patches, planning small artificial green patches, linking the large and small patches by various corridors to ensure the ecosystem inside the city to circulate well, combining residential areas properly to form a urban troop with Jiaozuo town as the center and with seven surrounding towns joined through highways to form a network city pattern. After doing these, urban built-up areas could be linked each other, and inlayed in a natural ecological matrix. This pattern could strengthen the ecological connection, raise the stability of the ecosystem, and maintain the balance of urban ecological system.