Effect of decapitation on morphogenesis of stem and spike in various wheat species |
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Authors: | J Vagera |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Praha, Experimental Station Olomouc, Sokolovská 6, 772 00 Olomouo, Czechoslovakia |
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Abstract: | Decapitation induced an additional formation of secondary shoots and anomalous spikes in all the species. The moan numbers
of nodes, spikelets per spike, seeds per spikelet and spike, and the mean length of the stem and spike were reduced on secondary
shoots of decapitated plants, while the mean and peak numbers of flowers per spikelet and the peak number of seeds per spikelet
increased. The increase in the number of flowers per spikelet was the most striking on spike base; the seeds regularly occurred
even in spikelets with an expressively increased number of flowers. The post-decapitation changes of the spike could be well
expressed quantitatively according to the increased mean number of the flowers per one seed. Morphological ohanges in anomalous
spikes of all the wheat species resemble phylogenetic reversions described in literature. Moreover, the peak numbers of flowers
and seeds per spikelet were recorded in 52 varieties belonging to 21 wheat species. As compared with the decapitation trial,
the greatest variability and the greatest differences between the speoies were also reoorded in the tetraploid group, and
the smallest variability and differences between the species in the diploid group. We suppose that the striking morphological
differences in post-decapitation spikes take place because the apical dominance was interrupted before differentiation of
the recent form had been controlled in meristems on the decapitated stem base. Ancestral forms were morphologically realized
with the help of an assimilating part of the decapitated stem. |
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