Biodiversity in species,traits, and structure determines carbon stocks and uptake in tropical forests |
| |
| Authors: | Masha T van der Sande Lourens Poorter Lammert Kooistra Patricia Balvanera Kirsten Thonicke Jill Thompson Eric J M M Arets Nashieli Garcia Alaniz Laurence Jones Francisco Mora Tuyeni H Mwampamba Terry Parr Marielos Peña‐Claros |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands;2. Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands;3. Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia;4. Laboratory of Geo‐Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands;5. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico;6. Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research e.V. (PIK), Potsdam, Germany;7. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK;8. National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Mexico DF, Mexico;9. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK;10. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK |
| |
| Abstract: | Impacts of climate change require that society urgently develops ways to reduce amounts of carbon in the atmosphere. Tropical forests present an important opportunity, as they take up and store large amounts of carbon. It is often suggested that forests with high biodiversity have large stocks and high rates of carbon uptake. Evidence is, however, scattered across geographic areas and scales, and it remains unclear whether biodiversity is just a co‐benefit or also a requirement for the maintenance of carbon stocks and uptake. Here, we perform a quantitative review of empirical studies that analyzed the relationships between plant biodiversity attributes and carbon stocks and carbon uptake in tropical forests. Our results show that biodiversity attributes related to species, traits or structure significantly affect carbon stocks or uptake in 64% of the evaluated relationships. Average vegetation attributes (community‐mean traits and structural attributes) are more important for carbon stocks, whereas variability in vegetation attributes (i.e., taxonomic diversity) is important for both carbon stocks and uptake. Thus, different attributes of biodiversity have complementary effects on carbon stocks and uptake. These biodiversity effects tend to be more often significant in mature forests at broad spatial scales than in disturbed forests at local spatial scales. Biodiversity effects are also more often significant when confounding variables are not included in the analyses, highlighting the importance of performing a comprehensive analysis that adequately accounts for environmental drivers. In summary, biodiversity is not only a co‐benefit, but also a requirement for short‐ and long‐term maintenance of carbon stocks and enhancement of uptake. Climate change policies should therefore include the maintenance of multiple attributes of biodiversity as an essential requirement to achieve long‐term climate change mitigation goals. |
| |
| Keywords: | biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning biomass dynamics biomass growth climate change mitigation functional traits species diversity tropical forest |
|
|
