Potential application of stem cells in urogynecology

Recent advances in stem cells therapy and tissue engineering techniques hold great promise for recovery of external urethral sphincter proper functioning and urinary incontinent patients treatment. Adult stem cells (ASCs) may be derived from striated muscles, fat tissue or as mesenchymal cells from bone marrow. These cells can differentiate in functionally normal smooth or striated muscle cells. ASCs injected to external urethral sphincter or bladder neck cause the increase in urethral closure pressure. Favourable findings of trials in animal models and in vitro encouraged to first trials in humans and hold a promising future for the treatment of urinary incontinence.