禽类蛋壳颜色及其基因的遗传研究进展

禽类的蛋壳具有白色、青色及褐色３种颜色, 特别是鸡和鸭的青壳蛋因外观美观, 口感好, 营养价值高, 蛋壳硬度和强度高于白壳蛋而具有较好的市场前景。但依据表型培育青壳鸡或鸭品系存在误选, 因而研究蛋壳颜色的形成及控制机理具有重要的理论及现实意义。文章主要介绍了禽类蛋壳颜色的种类、色素组成及其合成, 它的可遗传性、遗传力大小、遗传模式, 控制蛋壳颜色的基因数量及其相互之间的显隐性关系, 以期为揭示蛋壳颜色的形成机理提供参考。

Progresses in inheritance of genes for avian eggshell color

Eggshell has three colors:white,blue and brown.Chicken and duck eggs with blue eggshell have superior mar-ket for its better appearance,delicious taste,abundant nutrition and higher eggshell thickness and strength compared to those with white eggshell.However,error was often made when breeding blue-eggshell chicken or duck lines based on phenotypes.Studies on the forming and controlling mechanism of eggshell color had important theoretic and practical value.This review mainly discussed the types of eggshell color,its pigment composition and synthesis.Inheritance and heritability,genetic model,the number of genes,and the dominant-recessive relationship between genes for eggshell color were also reviewed.Information described in this review is useful for understanding the forming mechanism of eggshell color.