人工合成甘蓝型油菜特长角性状的遗传分析

以人工合成甘蓝型油菜特长角品系H218普通甘蓝型油菜中油821和MSP334为材料, 配制成两个杂交组合的各6个世代群体, 即P1、P2、F1、F2、B1、B2, 研究了全果长、果身长、果喙长3个角果性状的遗传特点。结果表明, 两个组合的全果长、果身长、果喙长在F2群体中近乎呈现连续正态分布, 显示为多基因控制的数量性状。两个组合的全果长广义遗传力为65.89%~70.77%、狭义遗传力为44.01%~46.78%, 基因数目均为5对; 果身长广义遗传力为60.14% ~ 63.38%、狭义遗传力为46.89%~47.38%, 基因数目均为6对; 果喙长广义遗传力为26.36% ~ 46.44%, 狭义遗传力为18.08%~37.87%, 基因数目均为2对。基因效应初步分析表明, 两个组合的3个性状基因效应均符合加性-显性二基因互作模型, 存在显著的上位性效应。两个组合的全果长、果身长、果喙长加性效应、显性效应都很重要, 全果长、果身长的加性效应大于显性效应, 果喙长显性效应大于加性效应。

Genetic Analysis of a Specially Long Pod Character in Artificially Resythesized Brassica napus L.

Two hybrid combinations were made with a resynthesized specially-long pod line in H218 Brassica napus L., namely H218 x Zhongyou 821, H218 x MSP334 and their six generations F(1), F(2), backcrosses B(1) and B(2) and their parents P(1) and P(2) were used to study the inheritance of 3 pod related traits, namely the full pod length, the pod body length and the pod beak length. The results were the followings: the three traits in the F(2) population of the two combinations had a continuous normal distribution, indicating that these traits were quantitative in nature and controlled by polygenes. The broad-sense heritabilities of the full pod length, pod body length and pod beak length of the two combinations were 65.89%-70.77%, 60.14%-63.38% and 26.36%-46.44%, respectively. The narrow-sense heritabilities were 44.01%-46.78%, 46.89%-47.38% and 18.08%-37.87%, respectively. The results from the two combinations consistently showed that full pod length, pod body length and pod beak length were controlled by 5, 6 and 2 genes respectively. The preliminary study on the gene effect demonstrated that the three traits in the two combinations all fit the additive-dominant model and the epistatic effect was significant. The additive effects and the dominant effects of the three traits in the two combinations were both significant. Of the full pod length and the pod body length, the dominant effect was more significant than the additive effect; and it is the same case for the pod beak length.